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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 8

1 Sound the alarm! An eagle looms over the temple of the Lord! For they have broken their covenant with me and have rebelled against my law. 2 Israel cries out to me, “My God, we acknowledge you!” 3 But Israel has rejected what is morally good; so an enemy will pursue him. 4 They enthroned kings without my consent. They appointed princes but I did not know*.⁠ They made idols out of their silver and gold, but they will be destroyed! 5 O Samaria, he has rejected your calf idol. My anger burns against them! They will not survive much longer without being punished, even though they are Israelites! 6 That idol was made by a workman—it is not God! The calf idol of Samaria will be broken to bits. 7 They sow the wind, and so they will reap the whirlwind! The stalk does not have any standing grain; it will not produce any flour. Even if it were to yield grain, foreigners would swallow it all up. 8 Israel will be swallowed up among the nations; they will be like a worthless piece of pottery.⁠ 9 They have gone up to Assyria, like a wild donkey that wanders off. Ephraim has hired prostitutes as lovers. 10 Even though they have hired lovers among the nations, I will soon gather them together for judgment. Then they will begin to waste away under the oppression of a mighty king. 11 Although Ephraim has built many altars for sin offerings, these have become altars for sinning.⁠ 12 I spelled out my law for him in great detail, but they regard it as something totally unknown to them. 13 They offer up sacrificial gifts to me and eat the meat, but the Lord does not accept their sacrifices. Soon he will remember their wrongdoing; he will punish their sins, and they will return to Egypt.⁠ 14 Israel has forgotten his Maker and built royal palaces, and Judah has built many fortified cities. But I will send fire on their cities; it will consume their royal citadels.

Texts in conversation

Compare Hosea 8:4 and LXX Hosea 8:4

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Hosea 8 says Israel set up rulers but God “did not know,” implying God lacked knowledge. The Greek Septuagint changes the language of divine ignorance to human secrecy, showing how the Greek tradition changes language that implies divine limitation.

Passages

Hosea 8:4

Hebrew Bible
3 But Israel has rejected what is morally good; so an enemy will pursue him. 4 They enthroned kings without my consent. They appointed princes but I did not know*. They made idols out of their silver and gold, but they will be destroyed! 5 O Samaria, he has rejected your calf idol. My anger burns against them! They will not survive much longer without being punished, even though they are Israelites!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

LXX Hosea 8:4

Septuagint
3 For Israel has turned away from good things; they have pursued an enemy. 4 They have made kings for themselves, but not by me: they have ruled, but they did not make it known to me: of their silver and their gold they have made images to themselves, that they might be destroyed. 5 Cast off your calf, Samaria; my anger is kindled against them: how long will they be unable to purge themselves?
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Hosea

References

"... The Masoretic text of Hosea 8:4 reads, “They made kings, but not through me; they set up princes, but without my knowledge” (NRSV). In the Septuagint, the rendering, “They made a king for themselves, and not through me; they ruled and did not inform me,” prevents the conclusion that God is not omniscient. Perhaps already the Hebrew Vorlage was altered ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 18.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Hosea 8:4 and LXX Hosea 8:4

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