Romans 5:12

New Testament

12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned 13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed. 15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification. 17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 Consequently, just as condemnation for all people came through one transgression, so too through the one righteous act came righteousness leading to life for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man many were constituted sinners, so also through the obedience of one man many will be constituted righteous.

2 Baruch 54:15

Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
Pseudepigrapha

12 For who doeth like unto Thy marvellous deeds, O God, Or who comprehendeth Thy deep thought of life. 13 For with Thy counsel Thou dost govern all the creatures which Thy right hand has created, And Thou hast established every fountain of light beside Thee, And the treasures of wisdom beneath Thy throne hast Thou prepared. 14 And justly do they perish who have not loved Thy law, And the torment of judgement shall await those who have not submitted themselves to Thy power. 15 For though Adam first sinned And brought untimely death upon all, Yet of those who were born from him Each one of them has prepared for his own soul torment to come, And again each one of them has chosen for himself glories to come. 16 [For assuredly he who believeth will receive reward.

 Notes and References

"... The Adam motifs to which Paul is here indebted have of course ultimately been derived from Genesis 3, but then as interpreted in a certain strain of Jewish apocalyptic eschatology, as witnessed to by the apocalypses of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch. These books, though written some decades after Paul wrote Romans, clearly make use of earlier and commonly available traditions and do so independently of each other. In both works, the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. and the gift of the Law are placed against the cosmic backdrop of Adam’s transgression and its disastrous consequences for the world, for all humanity. In 2 Baruch, we read: “Adam sinned and death was decreed against those who were to be born” (23:4) and “when he [Adam] transgressed, untimely death came into being” (56:6; compare Gen 2:17; 3:19). It is also said, however: “Adam is . . . not the cause, except for himself, but each of us has become our own Adam” (54:19). Adam may have “sinned first” (54:15), but he was not the last! The death that Adam brought into the world is justifiably imposed on those who are descended from him. In 4 Ezra, there is a very similar tale. God “laid one commandment” upon Adam, we read in 3:7, “but he transgressed it, and immediately you [God] appointed death for him and his descendants.” ..."

de Boer, Martinus C. Apocalyptic Paul: Cosmos and Anthropos in Romans 5-8 (pp. 11-12) Baylor University Press, 2013

 User Comments

Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.