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Leviticus presents food restrictions as part of ordered worship, following ancient Near Eastern traditions like the Surpu tablets, where eating taboo items disrupts relations with the gods. In both, diet is connected to ritual and ethical behavior.
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Surpu II

Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations
Ancient Near East
Be it released, great gods, god and goddess, lords of absolution. Nenni, son of Nenni, whose god is Nenni, whose goddess is Nenni, who is …, sick, in danger of death, distraught, troubled, who has eaten what is taboo to his god, who has eaten what is taboo to his goddess, who said no for yes, who said yes for no, who pointed his finger accusingly behind the back of his fellow-man, who calumniated, spoke what is not allowed to speak
Date: 1200 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Leviticus 11:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying to them, 2 “Tell the Israelites: ‘This is the kind of creature you may eat from among all the animals that are on the land. 3 You may eat any among the animals that has a divided hoof (the hooves are completely split in two) and that also chews the cud. 4 However, you must not eat these from among those that chew the cud and have divided hooves: The camel is unclean to you because it chews the cud even though its hoof is not divided. 5 The rock badger is unclean to you because it chews the cud even though its hoof is not divided.
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#5187
"... Anthropologists always dealt with dietary rules using different approaches and providing various explanations: I will provide here just a brief overview of the main theories developed in recent years, with their leading figures. Lévi-Strauss regarded food taboos as a sort of feedback effect originating from the semantic categorization that, according to his theoretical system, is used by each human society to organize natural phenomena. Taboos, thus, prohibit the consumption of animals which do not precisely fit into such binary category system. Similarly, Leach acknowledged prohibitions and rules as determined by the discriminating grids with which men classify the world they know, particularly through language: taboo is, thus, everything that is a “non-thing” among given and determined names. Also Douglas considered food avoidances as a matter of classification of the world, but in addition she combined to such issue the concept of “dirty”: when coming to the matter of biblical taboos, animals would thus be classified according to degrees of purity, which depend, in their turn, on their behavior within the three natural spheres of land, air, and water ..."
Ermidoro, Stefania Food Prohibition and Dietary Regulations in Ancient Mesopotamia (pp. 79-91) Aula Orientalis 32/1, 2014

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