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Pseudo-Philo describes Moses descending Sinai with his face shining brighter than the sun and moon, so the Israelites could not recognize him. Paul similarly recalls in 2 Corinthians 3 that the Israelites could not look at the glory of Moses’ face.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Pseudo Philo Biblical Antiquities 12:1
Classical
1 And Moses came down: and whereas he was covered with invisible light--for he had gone down into the place where is the light of the sun and moon,--the light of his face overcame the brightness of the sun and moon, and he knew it not. And it was so, when he came down to the children of Israel, they saw him and knew him not. But when he spake, then they knew him. And this was like that which was done in Egypt when Joseph knew his brethren but they knew not him. And it came to pass after that, when Moses knew that his face was become glorious, he made him a veil to cover his face. 2 But while he was in the mount, the heart of the people was corrupted, and they came together to Aaron saying: Make us gods that we may serve them, as the other nations also have. For this Moses by whom the wonders were done before us, is taken from us. And Aaron said unto them: Have patience, for Moses will come and bring judgement near to us, and light up a law for us, and set forth from his mouth the great excellency of God, and appoint judgements unto our people.
Date: 50-120 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
2 Corinthians 3:7
New Testament
6 who made us adequate to be servants of a new covenant not based on the letter but on the Spirit, for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. 7 But if the ministry that produced death—carved in letters on stone tablets—came with glory, so that the Israelites could not keep their eyes fixed on the face of Moses because of the glory of his face (a glory which was made ineffective), 8 how much more glorious will the ministry of the Spirit be?
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Notes and References
“... 6.3 Moses’ Luminosity on Sinai: LAB 12:1. In a re-writing of the traditional Sinai account, LAB states that Moses became luminous in his initial ascent of Sinai: ‘And Moses came down. And when he had been bathed with invisible light, he went down to the place where the light of the sun and the moon are; and the light of his face surpassed the splendor of the sun and the moon, and he did not even know this. And when he came down to the sons of Israel, they saw him but did not recognize him.... And afterward, when Moses realized that his face had become glorious, he made a veil for himself with which to cover his face’ (12:1). The commentators note Pseudo-Philo’s shifting of the episode of Moses’ shining face from his second ascent to his first.... Because this is such a noticeable deviation from the traditional narrative, it is certainly important to speculate on the author’s purpose in such a re-writing. It could be that Pseudo-Philo has a particular interpretive agenda: he seeks to confer upon Moses even more episodes of transcendent transformation, due to multiple occasions of access to the divine glory ...”
Ruffatto, Kristine Johnson
Visionary Ascents of Moses in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: Apocalyptic Motifs and the Growth of Visionary Moses Tradition
(pp. 158-159) Marquette University, 2010
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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