Texts in Conversation
Philo describes the wise person as an athlete who resists the blows of the senses, while the foolish person submits like a slave. Paul echoes this imagery in 1 Corinthians 9, calling believers to compete with self-control to win the prize.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Philo Allegorical Interpretation 3:201
Classical
201 For as an athlete and a slave are beaten in two different manners, the one in an abject manner, giving himself up to the ill-treatment, and yielding to it submissively; but the athlete opposing, and resisting, and parrying the blows which are aimed at him. And as you shave a man in one way, and a pillow in another; for the one is seen only in its suffering the shaving, but the man does himself do something likewise, and as one may say, aids the infliction, placing himself in a posture to be shaved;
Date: 20-50 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
1 Corinthians 9:24
New Testament
23 I do all these things because of the gospel, so that I can be a participant in it. 24 Do you not know that all the runners in a stadium compete, but only one receives the prize? So run to win. 25 Each competitor must exercise self-control in everything. They do it to receive a perishable crown, but we an imperishable one. 26 So I do not run uncertainly or box like one who hits only air. 27 Instead I subdue my body and make it my slave, so that after preaching to others I myself will not be disqualified.
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Notes and References
“... Although the emphasis in verse 24 is not on competition, or that only one receives the prize, Paul is undoubtedly appealing to the Corinthians’ competitive concern for attaining high status. It is even possible that he here is giving a different twist to another of the enlightened Corinthians’ images of how their gnōsis of the one true God makes their consciousness strong and authorizes their liberty to eat meat sacrificed to idols. The Jewish philosopher Philo, who uses so many terms that seem to have been current among the Corinthians, too, writes of how, in contrast to the ‘slave,’ who is passively subject to the ‘blows’ of the senses, the person possessed of ‘knowledge,’ ‘strengthened’ like a fine ‘athlete,’ simply regards sense-perceptible matters with ‘indifference’ (Allegorical Interpretation 3.201-202). Thus the theological ‘athlete’ does not leave the sacred ‘contest’ without a ‘wreath,’ but wins the ‘prize’ of victory, which enables the soul to ‘know God’ clearly (On the Change of Names 81-82). Paul, however, has the struggle taking place precisely in the sense-perceptible social world that Philo and the enlightened Corinthians believe is transcended in their knowledge of God ...”
Horsley, Richard A.
1 Corinthians (Abingdon New Testament Commentaries)
(p. 133) Abingdon Press, 1998
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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