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In Matthew 9, Jesus quotes Hosea to place mercy above sacrifice. Rabbinic tradition in Avot de Rabbi Natan similarly uses the verse to make acts of kindness a means of atonement, placing compassion at the center of religious practice.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Matthew 9:13

New Testament
9 As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax booth. “Follow me,” he said to him. So he got up and followed him. 10 As Jesus was having a meal in Matthew’s house, many tax collectors and sinners came and ate with Jesus and his disciples. 11 When the Pharisees saw this they said to his disciples, “Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?” 12 When Jesus heard this he said, “Those who are healthy don’t need a physician, but those who are sick do. 13 Go and learn what this saying means: ‘I want mercy and not sacrifice.’ For I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners.”
Date: 70–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)

Avot de Rabbi Natan 4

Minor Tractate
Rabbinic
On acts of kindness. How so? It says (Hosea 6:6), “For I desire kindness, not a well-being offering.” The world was created from the very beginning with kindness, as it says (Psalms 89:3), “For I have said that the world will be built on kindness, and the heavens will be established on Your faith.” Once, Rabban [our rabbi] Yohanan ben Zakkai, left Jerusalem, and Rabbi Yehoshua followed after him. And he saw the Holy Temple destroyed. [Rabbi Yehoshua said: Woe to us, for this is destroyed –] the place where all of Israel’s sins are forgiven! I.e., via the bringing of sacrifices. [Rabbi Yohanan] said to him: My son, do not be distressed, for we have a form of atonement just like it. And what is it? Acts of kindness, as it says (Psalms 89:3), “For I desire kindness, not a well-being offering.”
Date: 700–900 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#1321
"... As prescribed in the book of Numbers, on the Sabbath the priests burned two unblemished yearling lambs, a meal offering mixed with oil, and a libation in addition to the daily sacrifices. Since lighting a fire and cooking were forbidden on the Sabbath, one might suppose burning sacrifices would also be prohibited. Yet according to the Pharisees themselves, it was not. The duty of Temple service outweighed the requirements of Sabbath rest. So too, Jesus was implying, did the sacred mission of his disciples outweigh the rules forbidding plucking grain on the Sabbath. Jesus said, 'I tell you, something greater than the temple is here.' Then he continued, 'If you had known what this means, 'I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the guiltless (Matthew 12:7; Matthew 9:13). Jesus reminded his accusers that the prophets had excoriated people for placing their faith in rituals and sacrifices to the neglect of their fellows. 'Hear this, you who trample upon the needy and bring the poor of the land to an end, saying, 'When will the new moon be over, that we may sell grain? And the Sabbath, that we may offer wheat for sale?' 'Your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices pleasing to me.', 'I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fed beasts .... Seek justice, correct oppression; defend the fatherless, plead for the widow.' ..."
Stern, Frank A Rabbi Looks at Jesus’ Parables (p. 68) Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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