Texts in Conversation

In Exodus, God is portrayed as a storm deity who controls wind and water to defeat the enemy at the sea. This follows ancient Near Eastern traditions where divine warriors use storm power to overcome chaotic waters and establish order.
Share:

KTU 1.3

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
She spoke up and cried out, “Why have Gupan and Ugar come here? What enemy rises up against Baal? What rival faces the Cloud-Rider? Didn’t I crush El’s beloved, Yam (Ocean)? Didn’t I annihilate Nahar (River), the great god? Didn’t I leash Dragon and bind him in a saddle? I crushed the Sinuous Serpent, Encircler, the seven-headed monster. I crushed the gods’ beloved, Arsha.
Date: 2300 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Exodus 15:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Your right hand, O Lord, was majestic in power; your right hand, O Lord, shattered the enemy. 7 In the abundance of your majesty you have overthrown those who rise up against you. You sent forth your wrath; it consumed them like stubble. 8 By the blast of your nostrils the waters were piled up, the flowing water stood upright like a heap, and the deep waters were solidified in the heart of the sea. 9 The enemy said, ‘I will chase, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my desire will be satisfied on them. I will draw my sword, my hand will destroy them.’
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
Search:

Notes and References

#5142
"... The corpus of ancient Yahwistic poetry has not yet been delineated in satisfactory fashion. The proper starting point is the Song of Deborah, a victory hymn, the occasion of which is known, and the approximate date quite certain, i.e., ca. 1100 B . C . Burney's study of this poem 3 is of basic importance; he described the phenomenon of climactic parallelism, a characteristic feature of the Song of Deborah, and now very familiar from the Ugaritic epics. Albright, in a subsequent treatment, 4 went further in the analysis of the metrical and strophic pattern of the poem, and also set it in the context of the comparative materials available from Mesopotamia and Egypt. The present partial study follows the lines laid out in these treatments. 5 This victory hymn, one of the oldest and most dramatic specimens of early Yahwistic poetry, belongs to the same general period as the other great victory songs so far known from the ancient world: the hymn of Rameses II after the battle with the Hittites at Kadesh, the poems describing the victory of Merneptah over the Libyans, and Rameses III over the Sea Peoples, and the victory hymn of Tukulti-Ninurta I, after his defeat of the Cossaeans. The Song of Deborah is also to be grouped with the Song of Miriam (Exodus 15) celebrating the destruction of Pharaoh's host in the Reed Sea. 6 Though this was not generally recognized by the older scholars, it is clear that the victory hymn in Exodus 15 is a literary unit. 7 It has the same antiphonal character and metrical form as the Song of Deborah ..."
Cross, Frank Moore Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry (p. 3) William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

Your Feedback:

Leave a Comment

Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.

Anonymous comments are welcome. All comments are subject to moderation.

Find Similar Texts

Search by the same Books

Search by the same Reference

Compare the same Books

Compare the same Text Groups

Go to Intertext