Divine Council

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Ancient Near East

KTU I.2 Epic of Gilgamesh VI Epic of Gilgamesh VII The Baal Cycle KAI 26.iii

Hebrew Bible

Genesis 1:26 Genesis 3:22 Genesis 11:7 Deuteronomy 4:19 Deuteronomy 32:8 Deuteronomy 32:9 Judges 11:24 1 Kings 22:19 2 Kings 17:16 2 Kings 21:3 2 Kings 23:4 Isaiah 1:17 Isaiah 6:8 Zechariah 3:1 Zechariah 14:5 Psalm 29:1 Psalm 82:1 Psalm 82:3 Psalm 89:5 Psalm 96:7 Psalm 103:20 Job 1:6 Job 15:15 Daniel 7:10

Septuagint

LXX Deuteronomy 32:8 LXX Psalm 81:1

Deuterocanon

Sirach 17:7

Targum

Jonathan 1 Kings 22:19 Targum Psalm 82:1 Pseudo Jonathan Deuteronomy 32:9

About This Tag

The concept of the divine council, a celestial assembly of gods or divine beings, is a prominent theme in ancient Near Eastern texts and is echoed in the Hebrew Bible. Found in Mesopotamian, Canaanite, and Ugaritic literature, these councils typically feature a high god presiding over lesser deities who serve as advisors or functionaries. This imagery appears in many biblical passages where YHWH is depicted as ruling over a heavenly court.

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