Go to Related Reading
About this book

Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah: 2 “I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth2,”⁠ says the Lord. 3 “I will destroy people and animals; I will destroy the birds in the sky and the fish in the sea.⁠ (The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.) I will remove humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord. 4 “I will attack Judah and all who live in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place every trace of Baal worship, as well as the very memory of the pagan priests. 5 I will remove those who worship the stars in the sky from their rooftops,⁠ those who swear allegiance to the Lord while taking oaths in the name of their ‘king,’ 6 and those who turn their backs on the Lord and do not want the Lord’s help or guidance.” 7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the Lord’s day of judgment is almost here.⁠ The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal;⁠ he has ritually purified his guests. 8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal, I will punish the princes and the king’s sons, and all who wear foreign styles of clothing. 9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold,⁠ who fill the house of their master with wealth taken by violence and deceit. 10 On that day,” says the Lord, “a loud cry will go up from the Fish Gate, wailing from the city’s newer district, and a loud crash from the hills. 11 Wail, you who live in the market district, for all the merchants will disappear and those who count money will be removed. 12 At that time I will search through Jerusalem with lamps.⁠ I will punish the people who are entrenched in their sin, those who think to themselves, ‘The Lord neither rewards nor punishes.’ 13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted.⁠ 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly!⁠ There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies,⁠ 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord.⁠ Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.⁠ 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.⁠ The whole earth will be consumed by his fiery wrath. Indeed, he will bring terrifying destruction on all who live on the earth.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Joel 2:2 and Zephaniah 1:15

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Joel describes the future day of the Lord as one of darkness and storm clouds, with an overwhelming army bringing devastation. Zephaniah uses similar language, portraying it with darkness and gloom. Both reshape the language of how God appeared at Sinai.

Passages

Joel 2:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm signal on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land shake with fear, for the day of the Lord is about to come. Indeed, it is near! 2 It will be a day of dreadful darkness, a day of foreboding storm clouds, like blackness spread over the mountains. It is a huge and powerful army—there has never been anything like it ever before, and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come! 3 Like fire they devour everything in their path; a flame blazes behind them. The land looks like the Garden of Eden before them, but behind them there is only a desolate wilderness—for nothing escapes them! 4 They look like horses; they charge ahead like war horses.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

Zephaniah 1:15

Hebrew Bible
13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted. 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly! There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies, 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord. Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

References

"... On a linguistic level, Amos’s use of the language of “darkness” to describe the coming of Yahweh in judgment finds no verbal counterpart in the Sinai theophany of Exodus 19:24. Nevertheless, Amos’ use of the imagery of “darkness” to describe the judgment parousia of Yahweh finds a precedent in the Sinai theophany tradition found in Exodus 20:21, the latter of which describes Yahweh’s visible presence on Mount Sinai in terms of “thick darkness”. Moreover, both Zephaniah and Joel exploit the Sinai traditions of Exodus 19-24, making use of its theophanic language and imagery to describe the coming of Yahweh in judgment. Admittedly, both Zephaniah and Joel make use of the same vocabulary of “darkness and gloom” found in Amos 5:20 to describe the Day of the Lord. However, they also make use of theophanic imagery that clearly (Zephaniah appears to be dependent upon Amos for his use of the vocabulary of “darkness and gloom” in Zephaniah 1:15, while Joel 2:2 appears to be dependent upon Zephaniah rather than Amos) invokes the Sinai theophany traditions in Exodus 19-24, especially in their description of the DOL as “a day of clouds and thick darkness” (Zephaniah 1:15; Joel 2:2; compare Exodus 19:16; 20:21; 24:15-16), heralded by quaking (Joel 2:10; compare Exodus 19:18) and the sound of the dread trumpet ..."
Donald C. Collett, “Prophetic Intentionality and the Book of the Twelve: A Study in the Hermeneutics of Prophecy” (PhD diss., University of St Andrews, 2007), 207.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Joel 2:2 and Zephaniah 1:15

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library