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Joel

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm signal on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land shake with fear, for the day of the Lord is about to come. Indeed, it is near!⁠ 2 It will be a day of dreadful darkness, a day of foreboding storm clouds,⁠ like blackness spread over the mountains. It is a huge and powerful army—there has never been anything like it ever before, and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come!⁠ 3 Like fire they devour everything in their path; a flame blazes behind them. The land looks like the Garden of Eden before them, but behind them there is only a desolate wilderness—for nothing escapes them!⁠ 4 They look like horses; they charge ahead like war horses. 5 They sound like chariots rumbling over mountain tops, like the crackling of blazing fire consuming stubble, like the noise of a mighty army being drawn up for battle. 6 People writhe in fear when they see them. All their faces turn pale with fright.⁠ 7 They charge like warriors; they scale walls like soldiers. Each one proceeds on his course; they do not alter their path. 8 They do not jostle one another; each of them marches straight ahead. They burst through the city defenses and do not break ranks. 9 They rush into the city; they scale its walls. They climb up into the houses; they go in through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the sky reverberates. The sun and the moon grow dark; the stars refuse to shine.⁠ 11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who⁠ can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning.⁠ 13 Tear your hearts, not just your garments.”⁠ Return to the Lord your God, for he is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and boundless in loyal love—often⁠ relenting from calamitous punishment.⁠ 14 Who knows? Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, and leave blessing in his wake—a⁠ meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God! 15 Blow the trumpet in Zion. Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly. 16 Gather the people; sanctify an assembly! Gather the elders; gather the children and the nursing infants. Let the bridegroom come out from his bedroom and the bride from her private quarters. 17 Let the priests, those who serve the Lord, weep from the vestibule all the way back to the altar. Let them say, “Have pity, O Lord, on your people; please do not turn over your inheritance to be mocked, to become a proverb among the nations. Why should it be said among the peoples, ‘Where is their God?’”⁠ 18 Then the Lord became zealous for his land; he had compassion on his people. 19 The Lord responded to his people, “Look! I am about to restore your grain as well as fresh wine and olive oil. You will be fully satisfied. I will never again make you an object of mockery among the nations. 20 I will remove the one from the north far from you. I will drive him out to a dry and desolate place. Those in front will be driven eastward into the Dead Sea, and those in back westward into the Mediterranean Sea. His stench will rise up as a foul smell.” Indeed, the Lord has accomplished great things! 21 Do not fear, my land. Rejoice and be glad because the Lord has accomplished great things! 22 Do not fear, wild animals. For the pastures of the wilderness are again green with grass. Indeed, the trees bear their fruit; the fig tree and the vine yield to their fullest. 23 Citizens of Zion, rejoice! Be glad because of what the Lord your God has done! For he has given to you the early rains as vindication.⁠ He has sent to you the rains—both the early and the late rains as formerly. 24 The threshing floors are full of grain; the vats overflow with fresh wine and olive oil. 25 “I will make up for the years that the ‘arbeh-locust consumed your crops—the yeleq-locust, the hasil-locust, and the gazam-locust—my great army that I sent against you. 26 You will have plenty to eat, and your hunger will be fully satisfied; you will praise the name of the Lord your God, who has acted wondrously in your behalf. My people will never again be put to shame. 27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel. I am the Lord your God; there is no other. My people will never again be put to shame. 28 (3:1) “After all of this I will pour out my Spirit on all kinds of people.⁠ Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your elderly will have prophetic dreams; your young men will see visions.⁠ 29 Even on male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit in those days. 30 I will produce portents both in the sky and on the earth—blood, fire, and columns of smoke.⁠ 31 The sunlight will be turned to darkness and the moon to the color of blood, before the day of the Lord comes—that great and terrible day! 32 It will so happen that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be delivered. For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be those who survive, just as the Lord has promised; the remnant will be those whom the Lord will call.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Joel 2:2 and Zephaniah 1:15

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel describes the future day of the Lord as one of darkness and storm clouds, with an overwhelming army bringing devastation. Zephaniah uses similar language, portraying it with darkness and gloom. Both reshape the language of how God appeared at Sinai.

Passages

Joel 2:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm signal on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land shake with fear, for the day of the Lord is about to come. Indeed, it is near! 2 It will be a day of dreadful darkness, a day of foreboding storm clouds, like blackness spread over the mountains. It is a huge and powerful army—there has never been anything like it ever before, and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come! 3 Like fire they devour everything in their path; a flame blazes behind them. The land looks like the Garden of Eden before them, but behind them there is only a desolate wilderness—for nothing escapes them! 4 They look like horses; they charge ahead like war horses.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

Zephaniah 1:15

Hebrew Bible
13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted. 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly! There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies, 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord. Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

References

"... On a linguistic level, Amos’s use of the language of “darkness” to describe the coming of Yahweh in judgment finds no verbal counterpart in the Sinai theophany of Exodus 19:24. Nevertheless, Amos’ use of the imagery of “darkness” to describe the judgment parousia of Yahweh finds a precedent in the Sinai theophany tradition found in Exodus 20:21, the latter of which describes Yahweh’s visible presence on Mount Sinai in terms of “thick darkness”. Moreover, both Zephaniah and Joel exploit the Sinai traditions of Exodus 19-24, making use of its theophanic language and imagery to describe the coming of Yahweh in judgment. Admittedly, both Zephaniah and Joel make use of the same vocabulary of “darkness and gloom” found in Amos 5:20 to describe the Day of the Lord. However, they also make use of theophanic imagery that clearly (Zephaniah appears to be dependent upon Amos for his use of the vocabulary of “darkness and gloom” in Zephaniah 1:15, while Joel 2:2 appears to be dependent upon Zephaniah rather than Amos) invokes the Sinai theophany traditions in Exodus 19-24, especially in their description of the DOL as “a day of clouds and thick darkness” (Zephaniah 1:15; Joel 2:2; compare Exodus 19:16; 20:21; 24:15-16), heralded by quaking (Joel 2:10; compare Exodus 19:18) and the sound of the dread trumpet ..."
Donald C. Collett, “Prophetic Intentionality and the Book of the Twelve: A Study in the Hermeneutics of Prophecy” (PhD diss., University of St Andrews, 2007), 207.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joel 2:2 and Zephaniah 1:15

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