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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 12

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message concerning Israel: The Lord—he who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundations of the earth,⁠ who forms the human spirit within a person—says,⁠ 2 “I am about to make Jerusalem a cup that brings dizziness to all the surrounding nations; indeed, Judah will also be included when Jerusalem is besieged. 3 Moreover, on that day I will make Jerusalem a heavy burden for all the nations, and all who try to carry it will be seriously injured;⁠ yet all the peoples of the earth will be assembled against it.⁠ 4 On that day,” says the Lord, “I will strike every horse with confusion and its rider with madness. I will pay close attention to the house of Judah, but will strike all the horses of the nations with blindness.⁠ 5 Then the leaders of Judah will say to themselves, ‘The inhabitants of Jerusalem are a means of strength to us through their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.’ 6 On that day I will make the leaders of Judah like an igniter among sticks and a burning torch among sheaves, and they will burn up all the surrounding nations right and left. Then the people of Jerusalem will settle once more in their place, the city of Jerusalem. 7 The Lord also will deliver the homes of Judah first, so that the splendor of the kingship of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not exceed that of Judah. 8 On that day the Lord himself will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like mighty David, and the dynasty of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord before them.⁠ 9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced.⁠ They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn.⁠ 11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo. 12 The land will mourn, each clan by itself—the clan of the royal household of David by itself and their wives by themselves; the clan of the family of Nathan by itself and their wives by themselves; 13 the clan of the descendants of Levi by itself and their wives by themselves; and the clan of the Shimeites by itself and their wives by themselves; 14 all the clans that remain, each separately with their wives.

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 12:10 and Daniel 7:13 and Revelation 1:7

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation combines language from Zechariah 12 about mourning the one who was pierced and Daniel 7 about a figure coming with the clouds. By merging these passages, Revelation builds its eschatological vision with well-known images from the Hebrew Bible.

Passages

Zechariah 12:10

Hebrew Bible
8 On that day the Lord himself will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like mighty David, and the dynasty of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord before them. 9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. 11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

Daniel 7:13

Hebrew Bible
12 As for the rest of the beasts, their ruling authority had already been removed, though they were permitted to go on living for a time and a season. 13 “I was watching in the night visions, And with the clouds of the sky, one like a son of man was approaching. He went up to the Ancient of Days and was escorted before him. 14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty. All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving him. His authority is eternal and will not pass away. His kingdom will not be destroyed.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Revelation 1:7

New Testament
5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth. To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen. 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.) 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God—the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful!
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... Revelation 1:7 gives the only quote that does not come from the Synoptic Gospels and from the mouth of Jesus: “Behold, he comes with the clouds, and every eye will see him and all those who pierced him, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn upon him”. This section comes in the introduction and connects Daniel 7:13 with Zechariah 12:10, which we have already seen in Matthew 24:30. This time the quote stands almost completely by itself with only the confirmation in the following verse, “I am the Alpha and the Omega ... says the Lord God, the one being and the one who was and the one coming, the Almighty”. In 1:7 the subject is missing and should probably be identified with the speaker in 1:8. The one who comes in the clouds and was pierced is “the Alpha and the Omega ... the one being and the one who was and the one coming, the Almighty”. The quote gives an eschatological warning and also a hope as in the other verses, but what is missing in this quote (the Son of Man) is particularly important because the quote is a full identification with God (compare Exodus 3:14) ..."
Jordan M. Scheetz, The Concept of Canonical Intertextuality and the Book of Daniel (Cambridge: James Clarke, 2012), 154.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 12:10 and Daniel 7:13 and Revelation 1:7

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