Go to Related Reading
About this book

Psalms

About this book
Psalm 68

1 For the music director, by David, a psalm, a song. God springs into action. His enemies scatter; his adversaries run from him.⁠ 2 As smoke is driven away by the wind, so you drive them away. As wax melts before fire, so the wicked are destroyed before God. 3 But the godly are happy; they rejoice before God and are overcome with joy. 4 Sing to God! Sing praises to his name. Exalt the one who rides on the clouds. For the Lord is his name.⁠ Rejoice before him.⁠ 5 He is a father to the fatherless and an advocate for widows.⁠ God rules from his holy dwelling place. 6 God settles in their own homes those who have been deserted; he frees prisoners and grants them prosperity.⁠ But sinful rebels live in the desert. 7 O God, when you lead your people into battle, when you march through the wastelands,⁠ (Selah)⁠ 8 the earth shakes. Yes, the heavens pour down rain before God, the God of Sinai, before God, the God of Israel.⁠ 9 O God, you cause abundant showers to fall on your chosen people. When they are tired, you sustain them, 10 for you live among them. You sustain the oppressed with your good blessings, O God. 11 The Lord speaks; many, many women spread the good news. 12 Kings leading armies run away—they run away! The lovely lady of the house divides up the loot. 13 When you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver and with glittering gold. 14 When the Sovereign One scatters kings, let it snow on Zalmon. 15 The mountain of Bashan is a towering mountain; the mountain of Bashan is a mountain with many peaks. 16 Why do you look with envy, O mountains with many peaks, at the mountain where God has decided to live? Indeed the Lord will live there permanently. 17 God has countless chariots; they number in the thousands. The Lord comes from Sinai in holy splendor.⁠ 18 You ascend on high; you have taken many captives. You receive tribute from men, including even sinful rebels.⁠ Indeed, the Lord God lives there.⁠ 19 The Lord deserves praise. Day after day he carries our burden, the God who delivers us. (Selah) 20 Our God is a God who delivers; the Lord, the Sovereign Lord, can rescue from death. 21 Indeed, God strikes the heads of his enemies,⁠ the hairy foreheads of those who persist in rebellion. 22 The Lord says, “I will retrieve them from Bashan. I will bring them back from the depths of the sea, 23 so that your feet may stomp in their blood,⁠ and your dogs may eat their portion of the enemies’ corpses.” 24 They see your processions, O God—the processions of my God, my king, who marches along in holy splendor. 25 Singers walk in front; musicians follow playing their stringed instruments, in the midst of young women playing tambourines. 26 In your large assemblies praise God, the Lord, in the assemblies of Israel. 27 There is little Benjamin, their ruler, and the princes of Judah in their robes, along with the princes of Zebulun and the princes of Naphtali. 28 God has decreed that you will be powerful. O God, you who have acted on our behalf, demonstrate your power. 29 Because of your temple in Jerusalem, kings bring tribute to you. 30 Sound your battle cry against the wild beast of the reeds, and the nations that assemble like a herd of calves led by bulls. They humble themselves and offer gold and silver as tribute. God scatters the nations that like to do battle. 31 They come with red cloth from Egypt. Ethiopia voluntarily offers tribute to God. 32 O kingdoms of the earth, sing to God. Sing praises to the Lord, (Selah) 33 to the one who rides through the sky from ancient times. Look! He thunders loudly.⁠ 34 Acknowledge God’s power, his sovereignty over Israel, and the power he reveals in the skies. 35 You are awe inspiring, O God, as you emerge from your holy temple. It is the God of Israel who gives the people power and strength. God deserves praise!

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 5:4 and Psalm 68:7

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Judges 5 and Psalm 68 use similar language to describe a divine march that causes the earth and mountains to shake. These texts draw on a common ancient Near Eastern tradition that also describes the gods El and Baal marching with an army.

Passages

Judges 5:4

Hebrew Bible
4 “O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain. 5 The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel. 6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

Psalm 68:7

Hebrew Bible
7 O God, when you lead your people into battle, when you march through the wastelands, (Selah) 8 the earth shakes. Yes, the heavens pour down rain before God, the God of Sinai, before God, the God of Israel. 9 O God, you cause abundant showers to fall on your chosen people. When they are tired, you sustain them, 10 for you live among them. You sustain the oppressed with your good blessings, O God.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The two oldest exemplars of the divine march appear in Judges 5:4–5 and Psalm 68:8–9. These two pieces are so close in wording that scholars have understood them to be an independent set piece or motif that the authors of Judges 5 and Psalm 68 inherited and used. In other words, the earliest manifestation of God survives only in poetic fragments; it was received and re-interpreted by later authors. The poetic lines of these two biblical contexts describe the divine march and its effects. As commentators have long noted, the precise language shared by the two passages is remarkable This usage also fits three Ugaritic attestations, all predicated of gods: (i) “Baal marched,” in KTU 1.10 III 7, preceding Baal’s ascent to his mountain (in lines 11–12); (ii) “he marched to the shore of the Deep,” in KTU 1.23.30, used to describe El’s proceeding to the shore; and (iii) “he marched” in KTU 1.174.1, perhaps involving El. It is the first of these passages about Baal marching that seems contextually proximate to the march of Yhwh with quaking mountains in Judges 5:4 and Psalm 68:8. Baal’s march from his mountain in the Baal Cycle is also to be noted in this context ..."
Mark S. Smith, “YHWH's Original Character: Questions about an Unknown God,” in The Origins of Yahwism, ed. Jürgen van Oorschot and Markus Witte (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2017), 23–43.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Judges 5:4 and Psalm 68:7

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library