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Nahum

About this book

The Vision of Nahum

Chapter 1

1 This is an oracle about Nineveh; the book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite:⁠

God as Divine Warrior

2 The Lord is a zealous and avenging God; the Lord is avenging and very angry.⁠ The Lord takes vengeance against his foes; he sustains his rage against his enemies.⁠ 3 The Lord is slow to anger but great in power; the Lord will certainly not allow the wicked to go unpunished.⁠ He marches out in the whirlwind and the raging storm; dark storm clouds billow like dust under his feet.⁠ 4 He shouts a battle cry against the sea and makes it dry up; he makes all the rivers run dry. Bashan and Carmel wither; the blossom of Lebanon withers.⁠ 5 The mountains tremble before him; the hills convulse; the earth is laid waste before him the world and all its inhabitants are laid waste.⁠

6 No one can withstand his indignation! No one can resist his fierce anger! His wrath is poured out like volcanic fire, boulders are broken up as he approaches. 7 The Lord is good—indeed, he is a fortress in time of distress, and he protects those who seek refuge in him.⁠ 8 But with an overwhelming flood he will make a complete end of Nineveh; he will drive his enemies into darkness.⁠

Announcement of Punishment against Nineveh and Salvation for Judah

9 Whatever you plot against the Lord, he will completely destroy! Distress will not arise a second time. 10 Surely they will be totally consumed like entangled thornbushes, like the drink of drunkards, like very dry stubble.⁠ 11 From you, O Nineveh, one has marched forth who plots evil against the Lord, a wicked military strategist.⁠

12 This is what the Lord says:⁠ “Even though they are powerful—and what is more, even though their army is numerous—nevertheless, they will be destroyed and trickle away! Although I afflicted you, I will afflict you no more.⁠ 13 And now, I will break Assyria’s yoke bar from your neck; I will tear apart the shackles that are on you.”

14 The Lord has issued a decree against you: “Your dynasty will come to an end. I will destroy the idols and images in the temples of your gods. I will desecrate your grave, because you are accursed!”⁠

15 Look! A herald is running on the mountains! A messenger is proclaiming deliverance:⁠ “Celebrate your sacred festivals, O Judah! Fulfill your sacred vows to praise God! For never again will the wicked Assyrians invade you; they have been completely destroyed.”

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Texts in conversation

Compare Nahum 1:8 and Jonathan Nahum 1:8

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Nahum, Nineveh faces total destruction. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, it is those who specifically have destroyed the temple, applying the threat to Israel’s later persecutors.

Passages

Nahum 1:8

Hebrew Bible
6 No one can withstand his indignation! No one can resist his fierce anger! His wrath is poured out like volcanic fire, boulders are broken up as he approaches.7 The Lord is good—indeed, he is a fortress in time of distress, and he protects those who seek refuge in him.8 But with an overwhelming flood he will make a complete end of Nineveh; he will drive his enemies into darkness.9 Whatever you plot against the Lord, he will completely destroy! Distress will not arise a second time.10 Surely they will be totally consumed like entangled thornbushes, like the drink of drunkards, like very dry stubble.
663–601 BCE Read in Nahum

Jonathan Nahum 1:8

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
6 When he reveals himself in mercy to give the law to his people, the world trembles before him. But when he reveals himself in anger to take vengeance on those who hate his people, who can stand before his vengeance, and who can endure the evil of his anger? His anger dissolves like fire, and the rocks are broken before him.7 The Lord is good to Israel, a support in the time of distress, and those who trust in his word are revealed before him. 8 In mighty anger and in fierce fury he will utterly destroy the peoples who have arisen and laid waste the holy house of the Lord, and he will hand his enemies over to Gehenna.9 You peoples who have plundered Israel, what are you plotting against the Lord? He is about to destroy you utterly, and distress will not rise against the house of Israel twice. 10 For the rulers of the people who plundered the house of Israel led them astray, like people staggering with wine, and consumed them as fire consumes very dry stubble.

References

“... Other crucial verses are Nahum 1:8–9, which talk about “the nations which rose up and utterly destroyed the Sanctuary, who will be delivered to Gehinnam”, and then again: “Nations who have plundered Israel” (cf. Gordon 1994:41–45 for a detailed discussion). To the Targumist the na- tions who have plundered Judah (“Israel”) and its temple are more impor- tant than the obvious references to Nineveh. This is in line with one of the functions of the Targum “to apply the words of Scripture to contemporary situations” (Gordon 1994:40). ...”
Jan Petrus Bosman, Social Identity in Nahum: A Theological-Ethical Enquiry, Biblical Intersections 1 (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2008), 224.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Nahum 1:8 and Jonathan Nahum 1:8

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