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About this book

Mark

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 2 As it is written in the prophet Isaiah, “Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way,⁠ 3 the voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4 In the wilderness John the baptizer began preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.⁠ 5 People from the whole Judean countryside and all of Jerusalem were going out to him, and he was baptizing them in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins. 6 John wore a garment made of camel’s hair with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey. 7 He proclaimed, “One more powerful than I am is coming after me;⁠ I am not worthy to bend down and untie the strap of his sandals. 8 I baptize you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.” 9 Now in those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan River. 10 And just as Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens splitting apart and the Spirit descending on him like a dove.⁠ 11 And a voice came from heaven: “You are my one dear Son; in you I take great delight.”⁠ 12 The Spirit immediately drove him into the wilderness. 13 He was in the wilderness 40 days, enduring temptations from Satan.⁠ He was with wild animals, and angels were ministering to his needs. 14 Now after John was imprisoned, Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel of God. 15 He said, “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near.⁠ Repent and believe the gospel!”⁠ 16 As he went along the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew, Simon’s brother, casting a net into the sea (for they were fishermen). 17 Jesus said to them, “Follow me, and I will turn you into fishers of people!” 18 They left their nets immediately and followed him. 19 Going on a little farther, he saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother in their boat mending nets. 20 Immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him. 21 Then they went to Capernaum. When the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach. 22 The people there were amazed by his teaching because he taught them like one who had authority, not like the experts in the law. 23 Just then there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit, and he cried out, 24 “Leave us alone, Jesus the Nazarene! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!” 25 But Jesus rebuked him: “Silence! Come out of him!” 26 After throwing him into convulsions, the unclean spirit cried out with a loud voice and came out of him. 27 They were all amazed so that they asked each other, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He even commands the unclean spirits and they obey him.” 28 So the news about him spread quickly throughout all the region around Galilee. 29 Now as soon as they left the synagogue, they entered Simon and Andrew’s house, with James and John. 30 Simon’s mother-in-law was lying down, sick with a fever, so they spoke to Jesus at once about her. 31 He came and raised her up by gently taking her hand. Then the fever left her and she began to serve them. 32 When it was evening, after sunset, they brought to him all who were sick and demon-possessed. 33 The whole town gathered by the door. 34 So he healed many who were sick with various diseases and drove out many demons. But he would not permit the demons to speak because they knew him. 35 Then Jesus got up early in the morning when it was still very dark, departed, and went out to a deserted place, and there he spent time in prayer. 36 Simon and his companions searched for him. 37 When they found him, they said, “Everyone is looking for you.” 38 He replied, “Let us go elsewhere, into the surrounding villages, so that I can preach there too. For that is what I came out here to do.” 39 So he went into all of Galilee preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons. 40 Now a leper came to him and fell to his knees, asking for help. “If you are willing, you can make me clean,” he said. 41 Moved with indignation, Jesus stretched out his hand and touched him, saying, “I am willing. Be clean!” 42 The leprosy left him at once, and he was clean. 43 Immediately Jesus sent the man away with a very strong warning. 44 He told him, “See that you do not say anything to anyone, but go, show yourself to a priest, and bring the offering that Moses commanded for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”⁠ 45 But as the man went out he began to announce it publicly and spread the story widely, so that Jesus was no longer able to enter any town openly but stayed outside in remote places. Still they kept coming to him from everywhere.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 17:6 and 1 Kings 19:5 and Mark 1:13

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Mark echoes 1 Kings 17 and 19 by describing Jesus spending forty days in the wilderness with angelic help. Like Elijah, he is sustained by God and endures isolation for the same length of time.

Passages

1 Kings 17:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Drink from the stream; I have already told the ravens to bring you food there.” 5 So he carried out the Lord’s message; he went and lived in the Kerith Valley near the Jordan. 6 The ravens would bring him bread and meat each morning and evening, and he would drink from the stream. 7 After a while, the stream dried up because there had been no rain in the land.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

1 Kings 19:5

Hebrew Bible
5 He stretched out and fell asleep under the shrub. Suddenly an angelic messenger touched him and said, “Get up and eat.” 6 He looked and right there by his head was a cake baking on hot coals and a jug of water. He ate and drank and then slept some more. 7 The angel of the Lord came back again, touched him, and said, “Get up and eat, for otherwise you won’t be able to make the journey.” 8 So he got up and ate and drank. That meal gave him the strength to travel 40 days and 40 nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God. 9 He went into a cave there and spent the night. Suddenly the Lord’s message came to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

Mark 1:13

New Testament
12 The Spirit immediately drove him into the wilderness. 13 He was in the wilderness 40 days, enduring temptations from Satan. He was with wild animals, and angels were ministering to his needs. 14 Now after John was imprisoned, Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel of God. 15 He said, “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the gospel!”
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

"... Many interpreters have noted similarities between the Markan account of Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness, and Elijah’s experience in the wilderness as recorded in 1 Kings 19:4–9. The obvious parallels include the time spent by each figure in the wilderness—forty days—and the care given by angels to both figures. While these two details seem to draw the two narratives together quite closely, some have rejected any intentional relationship between them ... However, these arguments against Markan dependence on the Elijah-Elisha narrative are on the whole ignorant of the Greco-Roman practice of imitation, and are therefore unduly restrictive. As we have seen in our examination of Greco-Roman imitation, an author did not need to slavishly copy his source, but rather had the freedom to alter and adapt it to his/her narrative purposes. The examples we saw of this freedom in Virgil’s use of Homer were numerous. Such authorial freedom easily explains the so-called “problematic” differences put forth by Mahnke. While Elijah is traveling through the wilderness to mount Horeb, such traveling does not fit Mark’s narrative, so it is eliminated. Mark’s deletion of “forty nights” from his rewriting could simply be the evangelist’s desire to remove a redundancy from his source. Both of these noted differences are minor, and in light of the imitation practices of Greco-Roman authors, they do little to undermine a case for Markan imitation of the Elijah-Elisha narrative. ..."
Adam Winn, Mark and the Elijah-Elisha Narrative: Considering the Practice of Greco-Roman Imitation in the Search for Markan Source Material (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2010), 84–85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Kings 17:6 and 1 Kings 19:5 and Mark 1:13

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