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1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 17

1 Elijah the Tishbite, from Tishbe in Gilead, said to Ahab, “As certainly as the Lord God of Israel lives (whom I serve), there will be no dew or rain in the years ahead unless I give the command.”⁠ 2 The Lord’s message came to him: 3 “Leave here and travel eastward. Hide out in the Kerith Valley near the Jordan. 4 Drink from the stream; I have already told the ravens to bring you food there.” 5 So he carried out the Lord’s message; he went and lived in the Kerith Valley near the Jordan. 6 The ravens would bring him bread and meat each morning and evening,⁠ and he would drink from the stream. 7 After a while, the stream dried up because there had been no rain in the land. 8 The Lord’s message came to him, 9 “Get up, go to Zarephath in Sidonian territory, and live there. I have already told a widow who lives there to provide for you.” 10 So he got up and went to Zarephath. When he went through the city gate, there was a widow gathering wood. He called out to her, “Please give me a little water in a cup, so I can take a drink.” 11 As she went to get it, he called out to her, “Please bring me a piece of bread.” 12 She said, “As certainly as the Lord your God lives, I have no food, except for a handful of flour in a jar and a little olive oil in a jug.⁠ Right now I am gathering a couple of sticks for a fire. Then I’m going home to make one final meal for my son and myself. After we have eaten that, we will die of starvation.” 13 Elijah said to her, “Don’t be afraid. Go and do as you planned. But first make me a small cake and bring it to me; then make something for yourself and your son. 14 For this is what the Lord God of Israel has said: ‘The jar of flour will not be empty and the jug of oil will not run out until the day the Lord makes it rain on the surface of the ground.’” 15 She went and did as Elijah told her; there was always enough food for Elijah and for her and her family. 16 The jar of flour was never empty and the jug of oil never ran out, in keeping with the Lord’s message that he had spoken through Elijah. 17 After this the son of the woman who owned the house got sick. His illness was so severe he could no longer breathe. 18 She asked Elijah, “Why, prophet, have you come to me to confront me with my sin and kill my son?” 19 He said to her, “Hand me your son.” He took him from her arms, carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him down on his bed. 20 Then he called out to the Lord, “O Lord, my God, are you also bringing disaster on this widow I am staying with by killing her son?”⁠ 21 He stretched out over the boy three times and called out to the Lord, “O Lord, my God, please let this boy’s breath return to him.” 22 The Lord answered Elijah’s prayer; the boy’s breath returned to him and he lived. 23 Elijah took the boy, brought him down from the upper room to the house, and handed him to his mother. Elijah then said, “See, your son is alive!” 24 The woman said to Elijah, “Now I know that you are a prophet and that the Lord’s message really does come through you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 17:6 and 1 Kings 19:5 and Mark 1:13

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Mark echoes 1 Kings 17 and 19 by describing Jesus spending forty days in the wilderness with angelic help. Like Elijah, he is sustained by God and endures isolation for the same length of time.

Passages

1 Kings 17:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Drink from the stream; I have already told the ravens to bring you food there.” 5 So he carried out the Lord’s message; he went and lived in the Kerith Valley near the Jordan. 6 The ravens would bring him bread and meat each morning and evening, and he would drink from the stream. 7 After a while, the stream dried up because there had been no rain in the land.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

1 Kings 19:5

Hebrew Bible
5 He stretched out and fell asleep under the shrub. Suddenly an angelic messenger touched him and said, “Get up and eat.” 6 He looked and right there by his head was a cake baking on hot coals and a jug of water. He ate and drank and then slept some more. 7 The angel of the Lord came back again, touched him, and said, “Get up and eat, for otherwise you won’t be able to make the journey.” 8 So he got up and ate and drank. That meal gave him the strength to travel 40 days and 40 nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God. 9 He went into a cave there and spent the night. Suddenly the Lord’s message came to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

Mark 1:13

New Testament
12 The Spirit immediately drove him into the wilderness. 13 He was in the wilderness 40 days, enduring temptations from Satan. He was with wild animals, and angels were ministering to his needs. 14 Now after John was imprisoned, Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel of God. 15 He said, “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the gospel!”
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

"... Many interpreters have noted similarities between the Markan account of Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness, and Elijah’s experience in the wilderness as recorded in 1 Kings 19:4–9. The obvious parallels include the time spent by each figure in the wilderness—forty days—and the care given by angels to both figures. While these two details seem to draw the two narratives together quite closely, some have rejected any intentional relationship between them ... However, these arguments against Markan dependence on the Elijah-Elisha narrative are on the whole ignorant of the Greco-Roman practice of imitation, and are therefore unduly restrictive. As we have seen in our examination of Greco-Roman imitation, an author did not need to slavishly copy his source, but rather had the freedom to alter and adapt it to his/her narrative purposes. The examples we saw of this freedom in Virgil’s use of Homer were numerous. Such authorial freedom easily explains the so-called “problematic” differences put forth by Mahnke. While Elijah is traveling through the wilderness to mount Horeb, such traveling does not fit Mark’s narrative, so it is eliminated. Mark’s deletion of “forty nights” from his rewriting could simply be the evangelist’s desire to remove a redundancy from his source. Both of these noted differences are minor, and in light of the imitation practices of Greco-Roman authors, they do little to undermine a case for Markan imitation of the Elijah-Elisha narrative. ..."
Adam Winn, Mark and the Elijah-Elisha Narrative: Considering the Practice of Greco-Roman Imitation in the Search for Markan Source Material (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2010), 84–85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Kings 17:6 and 1 Kings 19:5 and Mark 1:13

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