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LXX Exodus

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 32

1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people combined against Aaron, and said to him, Arise and make us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us forth out of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him. 2 And Aaron says to them, Take off the golden ear-rings which are in the ears of your wives and daughters, and bring them to me. 3 And all the people took off the golden ear-rings that were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron. 4 And he received them at their hands, and formed them with a engraving tool; and he made them a molten calf, and said, These are your gods, Israel, which have brought you up out of the land of Egypt. 5 And Aaron having seen it built an altar before it, and Aaron made proclamation saying, Tomorrow is a feast of the Lord. 6 And having risen early on the next day, he offered whole burnt offerings, and offered a peace-offering; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. 7 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Go quickly, descend from here, for your people whom you brought out of the land of Egypt have transgressed; 8 they have quickly gone out of the way which you commanded them; they have made for themselves a calf, and worshiped it, and sacrificed to it, and said, These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. 9  10 And now let me alone, and I will be very angry with them and consume them, and I will make you a great nation. 11 And Moses prayed before the Lord God, and said, Why, Lord, are you very angry with your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great strength, and with your high arm? 12 Take heed for fear that at any time the Egyptians speak, saying, With evil intent he brought them out to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the earth; cease from your fierce anger, and be merciful to the sin of your people, 13 remembering Abraham and Isaac and Jacob your servants, to whom you have sworn by yourself, and have spoken to them, saying, I will greatly multiply your seed as the stars of heaven for multitude, and all this land which you spoke of to give to their seed, so that they shall possess it for ever. 14 And the Lord was prevailed upon concerning the evil which he said he would do to his people. 15 And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tables of testimony were in his hands, tables of stone written on both their sides: they were written on this side and on that. 16 And the tables were the work of God, and the writing the writing of God written on the tables. 17 And Joshua having heard the voice of the people crying, says to Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp. 18 And Moses says, It is not the voice of those who begin the battle, nor the voice of those who begin the cry of defeat, but I hear the voice of those who begin the banquet of wine. 19 And when he drew near to the camp, he sees the calf and the dances; and Moses being very angry cast the two tables out of his hands, and broke them to pieces under the mountain. 20 And having taken the calf which they made, he consumed it with fire, and ground it very small, and scattered it on the water, and made the children of Israel drink it. 21 And Moses said to Aaron, What has this people done to you, that you have brought upon them a great sin? 22 And Aaron said to Moses, Do not be angry, my lord, for you know the impetuosity of this people. 23 For they say to me, Make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this man Moses, who brought us out of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him. 24 And I said to them, If any one has golden ornaments, take them off; and they gave them to me, and I cast them into the fire, and there came out this calf. 25 And when Moses saw that the people were scattered, for Aaron had scattered them so as to be a rejoicing to their enemies, 26 then stood Moses at the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord's side? let him come to me. Then all the sons of Levi came to him. 27 And he says to them, Thus says the Lord God of Israel, Put every one his sword on his thigh, and go through and return from gate to gate through the camp, and kill every one his brother, and every one his neighbor, and every one him that is nearest to him. 28 And the sons of Levi did as Moses spoke to them, and there fell of the people in that day to the number of three thousand men. 29 And Moses said to them, You have filled your hands this day to the Lord each one on his son or on his brother, so that blessing should be given to you. 30 And it happened after the next day had begun, that Moses said to the people, You have sinned a great sin; and now I will go up to God, that I may make atonement for your sin. 31 And Moses returned to the Lord and said, I pray, Lord, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves golden gods. 32 And now if you will forgive their sin, forgive it; and if not, blot me out of your book, which you have written.⁠ 33 And the Lord said to Moses, If any one has sinned against me, I will blot him out of my book. 34 And now go, descend, and lead this people into the place of which I spoke to you: look, my angel shall go before your face; and in the day when I shall visit I will bring upon them their sin. 35 And the Lord struck the people for the making of the calf, which Aaron made.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Exodus 32:32 and Barnabas 4:8 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

Septuagint · Early Christian

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Summary

1 Clement and Barnabas retell the golden calf story from Exodus 32 to opposite ends. In Barnabas, Israel loses the covenant when Moses breaks the tablets, while in 1 Clement, Moses offering his life for the people is a model for those dividing Corinth.

Passages

LXX Exodus 32:32

Septuagint
31 And Moses returned to the Lord and said, I pray, Lord, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves golden gods. 32 And now if you will forgive their sin, forgive it; and if not, blot me out of your book, which you have written. 33 And the Lord said to Moses, If any one has sinned against me, I will blot him out of my book. 34 And now go, descend, and lead this people into the place of which I spoke to you: look, my angel shall go before your face; and in the day when I shall visit I will bring upon them their sin. 35 And the Lord struck the people for the making of the calf, which Aaron made.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

Barnabas 4:8

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
7 It belongs to us; but they lost it forever in this way when Moses had just received it. For Scripture says: ‘And Moses was on the mountain fasting forty days and forty nights, and he received the covenant from the Lord—tablets of stone written by the finger of the hand of the Lord.’ 8 But they lost it by turning to idols. For the Lord says: ‘Moses, Moses, come down quickly, because your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt, have acted unlawfully.’ And Moses understood and threw down the two tablets from his hands; and their covenant was shattered, so that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed in our hearts in the hope that arises from faith in Him.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
2 When Moses went up into the mountain and had spent forty days and forty nights in fasting and self-humbling, God said to him; “Moses, Moses, come down quickly from here, for My people whom you led out of the land of Egypt have committed iniquity: they have quickly turned aside from the way which you commanded them: they have made cast images for themselves.” 3 And the Lord said to him; “I have spoken to you once and twice, saying, I have seen this people, and look, it is stiff-necked. Let Me destroy them completely, and I will blot out their name from under heaven, and I will make of you a nation great and wonderful and far more numerous than this one.” 4 And Moses said; “No, not so, Lord! Forgive this people their sin, or blot me also out of the book of the living.”
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... Clement can make a direct application of the OT to the church because for him Israel merges into the church (see Church as Israel) The contrast of his situation and his use of the OT with Barnabas may be seen in the different ways they treated the incident in which Moses broke the tablets of the Ten Commandments (Ex 32:7–19; Deut 9:12–17). 1 Clement 53 refers to the incident in order to prepare for the appeal to the troublemakers at Corinth to depart for the good of the congregation by recalling Moses’ willingness to be killed himself in order that the people may be spared. Barnabas 4.6-8 sees in the incident the breaking of the covenant between God and Israel so that the covenant of Jesus might be given to Christians. ...”
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 1197.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Exodus 32:32 and Barnabas 4:8 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

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