Go to Related Reading
About this book

Barnabas

Epistle of Barnabas

About this book

Daniel's Beasts and the Approaching End

Chapter 4

1 It is necessary for us, then, to investigate deeply regarding the present and to search out the things that can save us. Let us therefore wholly flee from all works of lawlessness, lest they overpower us; and let us despise the deception of the present time so that we may be loved for what is to come. 2 Let us allow no relaxation for our soul, giving it freedom to associate with sinners and wicked men, lest we become like them. 3 The final offense is near, about which Scripture speaks, as Enoch says. For this reason the Master has shortened the seasons and the days, so that His beloved may come quickly and inherit.⁠ 4 And the prophet also speaks in this way: ‘Ten reigns will rule on the earth, and after them another king will arise, who will humble three of the kings under one.’ 5 Likewise, Daniel speaks about the same: ‘And I saw the fourth beast was wicked and strong and more stubborn than all the beasts of the earth, and from it arose ten horns, and from these another small horn and growth, and it humbled under one three of the great horns.’

Israel and the Broken Covenant

6 You should therefore understand. Moreover, I ask you this one thing besides, as someone like you, loving each of you more than my own soul, to pay attention now, and not to resemble certain people who heap sin upon sin, saying that our covenant also belongs to them. 7 It belongs to us; but they lost it forever in this way when Moses had just received it. For Scripture says: ‘And Moses was on the mountain fasting forty days and forty nights, and he received the covenant from the Lord—tablets of stone written by the finger of the hand of the Lord.’ 8 But they lost it by turning to idols. For the Lord says: ‘Moses, Moses, come down quickly, because your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt, have acted unlawfully.’ And Moses understood and threw down the two tablets from his hands; and their covenant was shattered,⁠ so that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed in our hearts in the hope that arises from faith in Him.

Conduct in the Last Days

9 But although I would gladly write many things, not as a teacher but as one who loves you so that you may not fail in what we possess, I was eager to write to you, being your devoted servant. Therefore, let us be cautious in these last days. For the entire duration of our faith will profit us nothing, unless now, in the time of lawlessness and impending offenses, we, as God’s children, stand firm so the Black One may not force his way in. 10 Let us flee from all vanity; let us altogether hate the works of the evil way. Do not stand apart secretly, as though you were already justified,⁠ but gather yourselves together and deliberate about the common good.⁠ 11 For Scripture says: ‘Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight.’ Let us become spiritual, let us become a temple perfect for God. As far as we can, let us practice the fear of God, and let us strive to keep His commandments, so we may rejoice in His ordinances. 12 The Lord judges the world without partiality; everyone will receive according to their deeds. If someone is good, his righteousness will go before him on the way; if evil, the penalty for his wrongdoing is before him, so that, 13 if we relax, being called people of God, we might sleep in our sins, and the prince of evil might gain power over us and drive us out of the Lord’s kingdom. 14 Furthermore, understand this too, my brothers. When you see that even after so many signs and wonders worked in Israel, they were still abandoned, we must be cautious so that we are not found as Scripture says: ‘Many are called but few are chosen.’

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Exodus 32:32 and Barnabas 4:8 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

Septuagint · Early Christian

Share:

Summary

1 Clement and Barnabas retell the golden calf story from Exodus 32 to opposite ends. In Barnabas, Israel loses the covenant when Moses breaks the tablets, while in 1 Clement, Moses offering his life for the people is a model for those dividing Corinth.

Passages

LXX Exodus 32:32

Septuagint
31 And Moses returned to the Lord and said, I pray, Lord, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves golden gods. 32 And now if you will forgive their sin, forgive it; and if not, blot me out of your book, which you have written. 33 And the Lord said to Moses, If any one has sinned against me, I will blot him out of my book. 34 And now go, descend, and lead this people into the place of which I spoke to you: look, my angel shall go before your face; and in the day when I shall visit I will bring upon them their sin. 35 And the Lord struck the people for the making of the calf, which Aaron made.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

Barnabas 4:8

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
7 It belongs to us; but they lost it forever in this way when Moses had just received it. For Scripture says: ‘And Moses was on the mountain fasting forty days and forty nights, and he received the covenant from the Lord—tablets of stone written by the finger of the hand of the Lord.’ 8 But they lost it by turning to idols. For the Lord says: ‘Moses, Moses, come down quickly, because your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt, have acted unlawfully.’ And Moses understood and threw down the two tablets from his hands; and their covenant was shattered, so that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed in our hearts in the hope that arises from faith in Him.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
2 When Moses went up into the mountain and had spent forty days and forty nights in fasting and self-humbling, God said to him; “Moses, Moses, come down quickly from here, for My people whom you led out of the land of Egypt have committed iniquity: they have quickly turned aside from the way which you commanded them: they have made cast images for themselves.” 3 And the Lord said to him; “I have spoken to you once and twice, saying, I have seen this people, and look, it is stiff-necked. Let Me destroy them completely, and I will blot out their name from under heaven, and I will make of you a nation great and wonderful and far more numerous than this one.” 4 And Moses said; “No, not so, Lord! Forgive this people their sin, or blot me also out of the book of the living.”
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... Clement can make a direct application of the OT to the church because for him Israel merges into the church (see Church as Israel) The contrast of his situation and his use of the OT with Barnabas may be seen in the different ways they treated the incident in which Moses broke the tablets of the Ten Commandments (Ex 32:7–19; Deut 9:12–17). 1 Clement 53 refers to the incident in order to prepare for the appeal to the troublemakers at Corinth to depart for the good of the congregation by recalling Moses’ willingness to be killed himself in order that the people may be spared. Barnabas 4.6-8 sees in the incident the breaking of the covenant between God and Israel so that the covenant of Jesus might be given to Christians. ...”
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 1197.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

LXX Exodus 32:32 and Barnabas 4:8 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 53:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library