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LXX Exodus

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 13

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 Sanctify to me every firstborn, first produced, opening every womb among the children of Israel both of man and beast: it is mine. 3 And Moses said to the people, Remember this day, in which you came forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage, for with a strong hand the Lord brought you forth from here; and leaven shall not be eaten. 4 For on this day you go forth in the month of new grain. 5 And it will happen when the Lord your God shall have brought you into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and Hivites, and Girgashites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Jebusites, which he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall perform this service in this month. 6 Six days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day is a feast to the Lord. 7 Seven days you will eat unleavened bread; nothing leavened shall be seen with you, neither you will have leaven in all your borders. 8 And you shall tell your son in that day, saying, Therefore the Lord God dealt thus with me, as I was going out of Egypt. 9 And it shall be to you a sign upon your hand and a memorial before your eyes, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth, for with a strong hand the Lord God brought you out of Egypt. 10 And preserve you this law according to the times of the seasons, from year to year. 11 And it will happen when the Lord your God shall bring you into the land of the Canaanites, as he swore to your fathers, and shall give it to you, 12 that you shall set apart every offspring opening the womb, the males to the Lord, every one that opens the womb out of the herds or among your cattle, as many as you shall have: you shall sanctify the males to the Lord. 13 Every offspring opening the womb of the donkey you shall change for a sheep; and if you will not change it, you shall redeem it: every firstborn of man of your sons you will redeem. 14 And if your son should ask you hereafter, saying, What is this? then you shall say to him, With a strong hand the Lord brought us out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 15 And when Pharaoh hardened his heart so as not to send us away, he killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast; therefore I sacrifice every offspring that opens the womb, the males to the Lord, and every firstborn of my sons I will redeem. 16 And it shall be for a sign upon your hand, and immovable before your eyes, for with a strong hand the Lord brought you out of Egypt. 17 And when Pharaoh sent forth the people, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, because it was near; for God said, For fear that at any time the people repent when they see war, and return to Egypt. 18 And God led the people round by the way to the wilderness, to the Red Sea: and in the fifth generation the children of Israel went up out of the land of Egypt.⁠ 19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for Joseph had solemnly adjured the children of Israel, saying, The Lord will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here with you. 20 And the children of Israel departed from Sukkoth, and encamped in Etham by the wilderness. 21 And God led them, in the day by a pillar of cloud, to show them the way, and in the night by a pillar of fire. 22 And the pillar of cloud did not fail by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, before all the people.

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Compare Exodus 13:18 and LXX Exodus 13:18

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Exodus 13 says the Israelites left Egypt "prepared for battle," but the Greek Septuagint changes this to "in the fifth generation," connecting a rare Hebrew word to the number five instead of its military meaning, and harmonizing it with Exodus 6.

Passages

Exodus 13:18

Hebrew Bible
17 When Pharaoh released the people, God did not lead them by the way to the land of the Philistines, although that was nearby, for God said, “Lest the people change their minds and return to Egypt when they experience war.” 18 So God brought the people around by the way of the wilderness to the Red Sea, and the Israelites went up from the land of Egypt prepared for battle. 19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for Joseph had made the Israelites solemnly swear, “God will surely attend to you, and you will carry my bones up from this place with you.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

LXX Exodus 13:18

Septuagint
17 And when Pharaoh sent forth the people, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, because it was near; for God said, For fear that at any time the people repent when they see war, and return to Egypt. 18 And God led the people round by the way to the wilderness, to the Red Sea: and in the fifth generation the children of Israel went up out of the land of Egypt. 19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for Joseph had solemnly adjured the children of Israel, saying, The Lord will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here with you.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

References

"... The exegetical options are to take a presumed etymology from חמש, "five," or to look at other contexts in which חֲמֻשִׁים turns up. Note that Aquila does not etymologize here (unlike Theodotion and LXX, who connect חמש with the numeral). Aquila and Symmachus have similar interpretations based on other military contexts for this word: Symmachus's equivalent is used once by LXX at Num 32:21 for חָלוּץ. ..."
Alison Salvesen, “Midrash in Greek?” in On Stone and Scroll: Essays in Honour of Graham Ivor Davies (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2011), 528–529.
"... For ExodB's "fifth generation" (πέμπτη ... γενεᾷ), Theod reads πεμπταίζοντες, "on the fifth day." But the Heb. more commonly means "armed in battle array" (cf. Targ Ps-J, Targ Onq, Syr, Vulg; Aq ἐνωπλισμένοι, Sym ὁπλῖται; cf. LXX Josh 1.14; 4.12; Auld 2005, 117; see BS 1989, 160). Exod is here consistent with 6.16 ff., which indicates four generations of Israelites' stay in Egypt. ..."
Daniel M. Gurtner, Exodus: A Commentary on the Greek Text of Codex Vaticanus (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 328.
"... A certain amount of smoothing and harmonisation on the translational level has been noted. For instance, in the account of the theophany at Sinai, the Greek clarifies when it will be safe for the people to touch the mountain (Exod. 19.13). Elsewhere the translation says that Moses stretched out his staff towards the heavens rather than over the whole land of Egypt (10.13), and explains חמשים "prepared for battle" (13.18) to mean "in the fifth generation" (πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεᾷ) on the basis of 6.16-20 (Wevers, "How the Greek"). ..."
Alison Salvesen, “Exodus,” in The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, ed. James K. Aitken, Bloomsbury Companions (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 32.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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