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LXX Amos

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Hear this word of the Lord, even a lamentation, which I take up against you,⁠ house of Israel. 2 The virgin of Israel has fallen; she shall no more rise: she has stumbled upon her land; there is none that shall raise her up. 3 Therefore thus says the Lord God; The city out of which there went forth a thousand, in it there shall be left one hundred, and in that out of which there went forth one hundred, there shall be left ten to the house of Israel. 4 Therefore thus says the Lord to the house of Israel, Seek me, and you shall live. 5 But do not seek Bethel, and do not go into Gilgal, and do not cross over to the Well of the Oath: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Bethel shall be as that which is not. 6 Seek the Lord, and you shall live; so that the house of Joseph does not blaze like fire and devour him, and there shall be none to quench it for the house of Israel. 7 It is the Lord that executes judgment in the height above, and he has established justice on the earth: 8 who makes all things, and changes them, and turns the shadow of death into the morning, and darkens the day into night: who calls for the water of the sea, and pours it out on the face of the earth: the Lord God Almighty is his name:⁠ 9 who dispenses ruin to strength, and brings distress upon the fortress. 10 They hated him that reproved in the gates, and abhorred holy speech. 11 Therefore because you have struck the poor with your fists, and you have received of them choice gifts; you have built polished houses, but you shall not dwell in them; you have planted desirable vineyards, but you shall not drink the wine of them. 12 For I know your many transgressions, and your sins are great, trampling on the just, taking bribes, and turning aside the judgment of the poor in the gates. 13 Therefore the prudent shall be silent at that time; for it is a time of evils. 14 Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so the Lord God Almighty shall be with you, as you have said, 15 We have hated evil, and loved good: and restore judgment in the gates; that the Lord God Almighty may have mercy on the remnant of Joseph.⁠ 16 Therefore thus says the Lord God Almighty; In all the streets shall be lamentations; and in all the ways shall it be said, Woe, woe! the farmer shall be called to mourning and lamentation, and to those who are skilled in lamenting. 17 And there shall be lamentation in all the ways; because I will pass through the midst of you, says the Lord. 18 Woe to you that desire the day of the Lord! what is this day of the Lord to you? whereas it is darkness, and not light. 19 As if a man should flee from the face of a lion, and a bear should meet him; and he should spring into his house, and lean his hands upon the wall, and a serpent should bite him. 20 Is not the day of the Lord darkness, and not light? and is not this day gloom without brightness? 21 I hate, I reject your feasts, and I will not smell your grain-offerings in your general assemblies. 22 Therefore if you should bring me your whole burnt sacrifices and grain-offerings, I will not accept them: neither will I have respect to your grand peace-offerings. 23 Remove from me the sound of your songs, and I will not hear the music of your instruments. 24 And judgment shall roll down as water, and righteousness as an impassable torrent. 25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech,⁠ and the star of your god⁠ Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.

Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 5:26 and LXX Amos 5:26 and Acts 7:43

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

In Amos, the prophet mentions the deity Kiyyun, who is Rephan in the Greek Septuagint translation. In Acts, Stephen quotes the Greek name and places the exile beyond Babylon instead of Damascus, likely as code for Rome.
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Passages

Amos 5:26

Hebrew Bible
25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth, your king, and Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves, 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

LXX Amos 5:26

Septuagint
25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech, and the star of your god Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Amos

Acts 7:43

New Testament
42 But God turned away from them and gave them over to worship the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets: ‘It was not to me that you offered slain animals and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, was it, house of Israel? 43 But you took along the tabernacle of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images you made to worship, but I will deport you beyond Babylon.’ 44 Our ancestors had the tabernacle of testimony in the wilderness, just as God who spoke to Moses ordered him to make it according to the design he had seen.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... Kaiwan occurs under the form Kiyyün in Amos 5:26. after Sikküt (Sakkuth). The Masoretic vocalization is that for idols (Abominations). The real pronunciation must have been Kaiwän, the name of the planet Saturn. Both go back to the Babylonian name for Saturn, Kajamänu (the Steady One). The Hebrew text used by the Septuagint was already corrupted in having an initial r instead of k resulting in Rayphan; in Acts 7:43 also spelled Rompha ..."
Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and and Pieter W. van der Horst, eds., Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd extensively rev. ed. (Leiden: Brill, 1999), 478.
"... this verse leaps into prophetic condemnation of idolatry. The citation from Amos is a comment on the idolatry described in verses 39-42; similarly, the citation from Isaiah in verses 49-50 comments on verses 44-47. Because the people had turned their backs on the true worship of God (verse 39), God turned away from them and delivered them to veneration of heavenly bodies. The pattern is like that of the critiques of gentiles in Wisdom of Solomon 14:21-31 and Romans 1:18-28, withholding the consequence until verse 51: Abandonment of the true God leads to idolatry, which leads, in turn, to immorality. Amos 5:25 disagrees with the Pentateuchal tradition about sacrifices during the wilderness period. In this context the meaning is that the people sacrificed to other gods. The citation generally follows the Septuagint. In place of “Damascus,” Acts has “Babylon.” To rub in the polemic, the text glosses the purposes for which the images were made: worship. The vital words for the author means “images” in the citation but can also mean “model” and “tent” ... most commentators view this as “a post-exilic correction.” Rather than postexilic, it is more likely to reflect the post-70 situation. After the fall of Jerusalem, “Babylon” became a code word for Rome ..."
Richard I. Pervo and Harold W. Attridge, Acts: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2009), 189.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 5:26 and LXX Amos 5:26 and Acts 7:43

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