Go to Related Reading
About this book

LXX Amos

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Hear this word of the Lord, even a lamentation, which I take up against you,⁠ house of Israel. 2 The virgin of Israel has fallen; she shall no more rise: she has stumbled upon her land; there is none that shall raise her up. 3 Therefore thus says the Lord God; The city out of which there went forth a thousand, in it there shall be left one hundred, and in that out of which there went forth one hundred, there shall be left ten to the house of Israel. 4 Therefore thus says the Lord to the house of Israel, Seek me, and you shall live. 5 But do not seek Bethel, and do not go into Gilgal, and do not cross over to the Well of the Oath: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Bethel shall be as that which is not. 6 Seek the Lord, and you shall live; so that the house of Joseph does not blaze like fire and devour him, and there shall be none to quench it for the house of Israel. 7 It is the Lord that executes judgment in the height above, and he has established justice on the earth: 8 who makes all things, and changes them, and turns the shadow of death into the morning, and darkens the day into night: who calls for the water of the sea, and pours it out on the face of the earth: the Lord God Almighty is his name:⁠ 9 who dispenses ruin to strength, and brings distress upon the fortress. 10 They hated him that reproved in the gates, and abhorred holy speech. 11 Therefore because you have struck the poor with your fists, and you have received of them choice gifts; you have built polished houses, but you shall not dwell in them; you have planted desirable vineyards, but you shall not drink the wine of them. 12 For I know your many transgressions, and your sins are great, trampling on the just, taking bribes, and turning aside the judgment of the poor in the gates. 13 Therefore the prudent shall be silent at that time; for it is a time of evils. 14 Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so the Lord God Almighty shall be with you, as you have said, 15 We have hated evil, and loved good: and restore judgment in the gates; that the Lord God Almighty may have mercy on the remnant of Joseph.⁠ 16 Therefore thus says the Lord God Almighty; In all the streets shall be lamentations; and in all the ways shall it be said, Woe, woe! the farmer shall be called to mourning and lamentation, and to those who are skilled in lamenting. 17 And there shall be lamentation in all the ways; because I will pass through the midst of you, says the Lord. 18 Woe to you that desire the day of the Lord! what is this day of the Lord to you? whereas it is darkness, and not light. 19 As if a man should flee from the face of a lion, and a bear should meet him; and he should spring into his house, and lean his hands upon the wall, and a serpent should bite him. 20 Is not the day of the Lord darkness, and not light? and is not this day gloom without brightness? 21 I hate, I reject your feasts, and I will not smell your grain-offerings in your general assemblies. 22 Therefore if you should bring me your whole burnt sacrifices and grain-offerings, I will not accept them: neither will I have respect to your grand peace-offerings. 23 Remove from me the sound of your songs, and I will not hear the music of your instruments. 24 And judgment shall roll down as water, and righteousness as an impassable torrent. 25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech,⁠ and the star of your god⁠ Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.

Texts in conversation

How the Septuagint Mistranslates Sikkuth and Kiyyun in Amos 5

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

Share:

Summary

Amos 5 condemns Israel for worshiping foreign gods named “Sikkuth” and “Kiyyun.” These names were difficult to translate, and the Greek Septuagint struggled to make sense of them, translating “Sikkuth” as “tent,” a guess based on a similar Hebrew word.

Passages

Amos 5:26

Hebrew Bible
25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth, your king, and Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves, 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

LXX Amos 5:26

Septuagint
25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech, and the star of your god Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Amos

References

"... The only commonly recognized planet name in the Hebrew Bible is set within a polemic against the cult of the Northern Kingdom (Amos 5:25–27) ... Here, Yahweh condemns the cult; its offerings are worthless, even offensive. Yahweh calls for justice and righteousness, citing the precedent of the wilderness experience during which no sacrifices were offered, and promises to drive the people off into exile. The exiles will take with them סִכּוּת and כִּיּוּן. The meaning of these two terms has long eluded translators and commentators. The Masoretes were not able to identify the terms and therefore vocalized both terms with the vowels of שִׂקּוּץ (“abomination, idol”). This uncertainty made its way into the early translations as well. The versions do not treat סִכּוּת as a proper noun at all but as the common noun סוּכַּת, “tent, tabernacle.” Thus, the LXX reads τὴν σκηνὴν, while the Vulgate reads tabernaculum, both indicating סוּכַּת as the Hebrew Vorlage. The Peshitta also follows this interpretation, translating משׁכנה, “tent.” The author of the Damascus Document also chooses to read סִכּוּת as סוּכַּת in his interpretation of Amos 5:26. The meaning of כִּיּוּן is also uncertain in the versions. Though treating כִּיּוּן as a proper name, the LXX’s nonsensical Ραιφαν is clearly a misreading of the Hebrew ..."
Jeffrey L. Cooley, Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative, HACL 5 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013), 237–238.
"... Amos 5:26: Sikkuth ... Kiyyun. These are actual deities, initially Assyrian and later taken over by the Babylonians. The vocalization of both names has been deliberately distorted by the Masoretes to make them sound like shiqutz, "abomination." The original names were Sakkut and Keivan ..."
Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2018), 3889–3890.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Amos 5:26 and LXX Amos 5:26

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library