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LXX 2 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 24

1 And the anger of the Lord burned forth again in Israel, and he stirred up David against them, saying, Go, number Israel and Judah. 2 And the king said to Joab commander of the host, who was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beersheba, and number the people, and I will know the number of the people. 3 And Joab said to the king, Now may the Lord your God add to the people one hundred-fold as many as they are, and may the eyes of my lord the king see it: but why does my lord the king desire this thing? 4 Nevertheless the word of the king prevailed against Joab and the captains of the host: And Joab and the captains of the host went out before the king to number the people of Israel. 5 And they went over Jordan, and encamped in Aroer, on the right of the city which is in the midst of the valley of Gad and Eliezer. 6 And they came to Gilead, and into the land of Thabason, which is Hodshi, and they came to Dan Jaan and Udan, and went around to Sidon. 7 And they came to Mapsar of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivite and the Canaanite: and they came by the South of Judah to Beersheba. 8 And they went around the whole land; and they arrived at Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days. 9 And Joab gave in the number of the census of the people to the king: and Israel consisted of eight hundred thousand men of might that drew sword; and the men of Judah, five hundred thousand fighting men. 10 And the heart of David struck him after he had numbered the people; and David said to the Lord, I have sinned severely, Lord, in what I have now done: remove, Please, the iniquity of your servant, for I have been exceedingly foolish. 11 And David rose early in the morning, and the word of the Lord came to the prophet Gad, the seer of David, saying, 12 Go, and speak to David, saying, Thus says the Lord, I bring one of three things upon you: now choose for yourself one of them, and I will do it to you. 13 And Gad went in to David, and told him, and said to him, Choose one of these things to happen to you, whether there shall come upon you for three years famine in your land; or that you should flee three months before your enemies, and they should pursue you; or that there should be for three days mortality in your land. Now then decide, and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 14 And David said to Gad, On every side I am much straitened: let me fall now into the hands of the Lord, for his compassions are very many; and let me not fall into the hands of man. So David chose for himself death.⁠ 15 And they were the days of wheat harvest; and the Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel from morning till noon, and the plague began among the people; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men. 16 And the angel of God⁠ stretched out his hand against Jerusalem to destroy it, and the Lord repented of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough now, withhold your hand. And the angel of the Lord was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. 17 And David spoke to the Lord when he saw the angel striking the people, and he said, Look, it is I that have done wrong, and I the shepherd have done evil; but these sheep, what have they done? Let your hand, Please, be upon me, and upon my father's house. 18 And Gad came to David in that day, and said to him, Go up, and set up to the Lord an altar in the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. 19 And David went up according to the word of Gad, as the Lord commanded him. 20 And Araunah looked out, and saw the king and his servants coming on before him: and Araunah went forth, and bowed in respect to the king with his face to the earth. 21 And Araunah said, Why has my lord the king come to his servant? and David said, To buy from you the threshing floor, in order to build an altar to the Lord that the plague may be restrained from the people. 22 And Araunah said to David, Let my lord the king take and offer to the Lord that which is good in his eyes: look, here are oxen for a whole burnt offering, and the wheels and furniture of the oxen for wood. 23 Araunah gave all to the king: and Araunah said to the king, The Lord your God bless you. 24 And the king said to Araunah, No, but I will surely buy it from you at a fair price, and I will not offer to the Lord my God a whole burnt offering for nothing. So David purchased the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. 25 And David built there an altar to the Lord, and offered up whole burnt offerings and peace-offerings: and Solomon made an addition to the altar afterwards, for it was little at first. And the Lord listened to the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel.

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Compare 2 Samuel 24:15 and LXX 2 Samuel 24:15

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In 2 Samuel, David chooses a plague over famine or war, expressing trust in divine mercy. The Septuagint adds that David chose death for himself, shifting the tone to suggest his choice was sacrificial, depicting him as willing to suffer with his people.

Passages

2 Samuel 24:15

Hebrew Bible
14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by human hands!” 15 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel from the morning until the completion of the appointed time, and 70,000 people died from Dan to Beer Sheba. 16 When the angel extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment. He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!” (Now the angel of the Lord was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.)
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

LXX 2 Samuel 24:15

Septuagint
14 And David said to Gad, On every side I am much straitened: let me fall now into the hands of the Lord, for his compassions are very many; and let me not fall into the hands of man. So David chose for himself death. 15 And they were the days of wheat harvest; and the Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel from morning till noon, and the plague began among the people; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men. 16 And the angel of God stretched out his hand against Jerusalem to destroy it, and the Lord repented of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough now, withhold your hand. And the angel of the Lord was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 2 Samuel

References

"... In Josephus’ narrative, David rejects both famine and war on moral grounds: they would not affect him, at least not to the same extent as his people: the king would have “much grain stored up” and “heroes around himself as well as fortresses.” Instead, he “requested a suffering common to both kings and subjects”, that is, the plague. Josephus’ formulation highlights David’s moral integrity in taking more personal risk in the punishment of his own mistake with the census and it may be based on Josephus’ somewhat idealized portrait of David. Taken separately, neither the invented theme of moral deliberation, nor the expression “he requested” would be sufficient to claim that Josephus followed the Septuagint plus “and David chose for himself death.” It is quite unclear what the Masoretic text actually implies here ..."
Tuukka Kauhanen, “Josephus' Sources and Motivations in Depicting Davidic Kingship,” in Scriptures in the Making: Texts and Their Transmission in Late Second Temple Judaism, ed. Raimo Hakola (Leuven: Peeters, 2022), 265–282.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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