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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 4

1 And it happened in those days that the Philistines gathered themselves together against Israel to war; and Israel went out to meet them to war,⁠ and encamped at Ebenezer, and the Philistines encamped in Aphek. 2 And the Philistines prepare to fight with Israel, and the battle was turned against them; and the men of Israel fell before the Philistines, and there were struck in the battle in the field four thousand men. 3 And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, Why has the Lord caused us to fall this day before the Philistines? let us take the ark of our God out of Shiloh, and let it proceed from the midst of us, and it shall save us from the hand of our enemies. 4 And the people sent to Shiloh, and they take from there the ark of the Lord who dwells between the cherubs: and both the sons of Eli, Ophni and Phinehas, were with the ark. 5 And it happened when the ark of the Lord entered into the camp, that all Israel cried out with a loud voice, and the earth resounded. 6 And the Philistines heard the cry, and the Philistines said, What is this great cry in the camp of the Hebrews: and they understood that the ark of the Lord had come into the camp. 7 And the Philistines feared, and said, These are the Gods that have come to them into the camp. Woe to us, Lord, deliver us today, for such a thing has not happened before. 8 Woe to us, who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that struck Egypt with every plague,⁠ and in the wilderness. 9 Strengthen yourselves and behave yourselves like men, you Philistines, that you may not serve the Hebrews as they have served us, but be men and fight with them. 10 And they fought with them; and the men of Israel fall, and they fled every man to his tent; and there was a very great slaughter; and there fell of Israel thirty thousand fighting men. 11 And the ark of God was taken, and both the sons of Eli, Ophni, and Phinehas, died. 12 And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the battle, and he came to Shiloh on that day: and his clothes were torn, and earth was upon his head. 13 And he came, and look, Eli was upon the seat by the gate looking along the way, for his heart was greatly alarmed for the ark of God: and the man entered into the city to bring news; and the city cried out. 14 And Eli heard the sound of the cry, and said, What is the voice of this cry? and the man hastened and went in, and reported to Eli. 15 Now Eli was ninety years old, and his eyes were fixed, and he did not see. And Eli said to those who stood all around him, What is the voice of this sound? 16 And the man hastened and advanced to Eli, and said to him, I am he that has come out of the camp, and I have fled from the battle today: and Eli said, What is the event, my son? 17 And the young man answered and said, The men of Israel fled from the face of the Philistines, and there was a great slaughter among the people, and both your sons are dead, and the ark of God is taken. 18 And it happened, when he mentioned the ark of God, that he fell from the seat backward near the gate, and his back was broken, and he died, for he was an old man and heavy: and he judged Israel twenty years. 19 And his daughter-in-law the wife of Phinehas was with child, about to bring forth; and she heard the news, that the ark of God was taken, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead; and she bowed down and was delivered, for her pains came upon her. 20 And in her time she was at the point of death; and the women that stood by her, said to her, Do not fear, for you have borne a son: but she did not answer, and her heart did not regard it. 21 And she called the child Uaebarchaboth, because of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law, and because of her husband. 22 And they said, The glory of Israel has departed, since the ark of the Lord is taken.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 4:1 and LXX 1 Samuel 4:1

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

1 Samuel 4 says that Samuel’s word came to all Israel, placing his authority in a prominent position before a major military defeat. The Greek Septuagint translation omits this entirely, starting instead with the Philistines preparing for war.

Passages

1 Samuel 4:1

Hebrew Bible
1 The word of Samuel was given to all Israel1. The Ark of the Covenant is Lost to the Philistines. Then the Israelites went out to fight the Philistines. They camped at Ebenezer, and the Philistines camped at Aphek. 2 The Philistines arranged their forces to fight Israel. As the battle spread out, Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who killed about 4,000 men in the battle line in the field. 3 When the army came back to the camp, the elders of Israel said, “Why did the Lord let us be defeated today by the Philistines? Let’s take with us the ark of the covenant of the Lord from Shiloh. When it is with us, it will save us from the hand of our enemies.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 4:1

Septuagint
1 And it happened in those days that the Philistines gathered themselves together against Israel to war; and Israel went out to meet them to war, and encamped at Ebenezer, and the Philistines encamped in Aphek. 2 And the Philistines prepare to fight with Israel, and the battle was turned against them; and the men of Israel fell before the Philistines, and there were struck in the battle in the field four thousand men. 3 And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, Why has the Lord caused us to fall this day before the Philistines? let us take the ark of our God out of Shiloh, and let it proceed from the midst of us, and it shall save us from the hand of our enemies.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... The Masoretic text of 1 Samuel 4:1 states: “And the word of Samuel was to all Israel.” Targum Jonathan 1 Samuel 4:1 reads “And the word of Samuel was pleasing to all Israel” in order to avoid the notion of an analogy of Samuel’s word to God’s word. (LXX 1 Samuel 4:1 differs totally: “And it happened in those days that the allophyles mustered for war against Israel.” The translator “seeks to exculpate the Israelites and [to] place the fault with the Philistines”) In the Septuagint, this passage is missing. Both changing and omission have a common concern: One does not want to confuse the word of Samuel with the word of God ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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