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Luke

About this book
Chapter 3

1 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip was tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene,⁠ 2 during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John the son of Zechariah in the wilderness. 3 He went into all the region around the Jordan River, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. 4 As it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah, “The voice of one shouting in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight. 5 Every valley will be filled, and every mountain and hill will be brought low, and the crooked will be made straight, and the rough ways will be made smooth,⁠ 6 and all humanity will see the salvation of God.’” 7 So John said to the crowds that came out to be baptized by him, “You offspring of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Therefore produce fruit that proves your repentance, and don’t begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that God can raise up children for Abraham from these stones! 9 Even now the ax is laid at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.” 10 So the crowds were asking him, “What then should we do?” 11 John answered them, “The person who has two tunics must share with the person who has none, and the person who has food must do likewise.” 12 Tax collectors also came to be baptized, and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?” 13 He told them, “Collect no more than you are required to.” 14 Then some soldiers also asked him, “And as for us—what should we do?” He told them, “Take money from no one by violence or by false accusation, and be content with your pay.” 15 While the people were filled with anticipation and they all wondered whether perhaps John could be the Christ, 16 John answered them all, “I baptize you with water, but one more powerful than I am is coming—I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 17 His winnowing fork is in his hand to clean out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse, but the chaff he will burn up with inextinguishable fire.” 18 And in this way, with many other exhortations, John proclaimed good news to the people. 19 But when John rebuked Herod the tetrarch because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, and because of all the evil deeds that he had done, 20 Herod added this to them all: He locked up John in prison. 21 Now when all the people were baptized, Jesus also was baptized. And while he was praying, the heavens opened, 22 and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, “You are my one dear Son; in you I take great delight.” 23 So Jesus, when he began his ministry, was about thirty years old. He was the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli, 24 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, 25 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, 26 the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, 27 the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, 28 the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, 29 the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, 30 the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, 31 the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, 32 the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon, 33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, 34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad,⁠ the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of Kenan, 38 the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:12 and LXX Genesis 11:12 and Jubilees 8:1 and Luke 3:36

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · New Testament

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Summary

In Genesis 11, Arphaxad is the father of Shelah. The Greek Septuagint translation and Jubilees add a generation, inserting Kainan. Luke appears to follow this tradition instead of the Hebrew text, listing Kainan as Shelah’s father.

Passages

Genesis 11:12

Hebrew Bible
11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters. 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 11:12

Septuagint
11 And Shem lived, after he had fathered Arphaxad, five hundred years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died. 12 And Arphaxad lived one hundred and thirty-five years, and fathered Cainan. 13 And Arphaxad lived after he had fathered Cainan, four hundred and thirty years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died. And Cainan lived one hundred and thirty years and fathered Shelah; and Cainan lived after he had fathered Shelah, three hundred and thirty years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Jubilees 8:1

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, [1373] in its beginning Arpachshad married a woman named Rasu'eja, the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she bore him a son in the third year in this week, [1375] and he named him Kainam. 2 And the son grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to look for a place where he could establish a city for himself.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Luke 3:36

New Testament
34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of Kenan,
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... Following this, the author narrates the next generation of humanity among Noah’s descendants: Rasu'eya, daughter of Susan: See Jubilees 4:13-15. This name seems to represent “desirable,” She gave birth to a son … Kainan: He is not mentioned in the Masoretic Text, Genesis 11:12, but he does appear in the Septuagint version (compare Luke 3:36); there Kainan is the father of Shelah, making Arpachshad Shelah’s grandfather instead of his father, as in the Masoretic Text ..."
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 75.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:12 and LXX Genesis 11:12 and Jubilees 8:1 and Luke 3:36

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