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Jubilees

About this book

Noah’s Descendants

Chapter 8

1 In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, [1373] in its beginning Arpachshad married a woman named Rasu'eja, the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she bore him a son in the third year in this week, [1375] and he named him Kainam.⁠ 2 And the son grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to look for a place where he could establish a city for himself. 3 And he found a writing which earlier (generations) had carved on the rock, and he read what was on it, and he copied it and sinned because of it; for it contained the teaching of the Watchers in accordance with which they used to observe the omens of the sun and moon and stars in all the signs of heaven.⁠ 4 And he wrote it down and said nothing regarding it; for he was afraid to speak to Noah about it because he feared Noah would be angry with him because of it. 5 And in the thirtieth jubilee, [1429] in the second week, in its first year, he married a woman named Melka, the daughter of Madai, the son of Japheth, and in the fourth year [1432] he fathered a son, and named him Shelah; for he said: 'Truly I have been sent.' 6 [And in the fourth year he was born], and Shelah grew up and married a woman named Mu'ak, the daughter of Kesed, his father's brother, in the thirty-first jubilee, in the fifth week, in its first year [1499]. 7 And she bore him a son in its fifth year [1503], and he named him Eber: and he married a woman named 'Azûrâd, the daughter of Nebrod, in the thirty-second jubilee, in the seventh week, in its third year [1564]. 8 And in its sixth year [1567], she bore him a son, and he named him Peleg; for in the days when he was born the children of Noah began to divide the earth among themselves: for this reason he named him Peleg. 9 And they divided (it) secretly among themselves, and told it to Noah.⁠

The Division of the Earth

10 And at the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee [1569] they divided the earth into three parts, for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the inheritance of each, in the first year in the first week, when one of us who had been sent, was with them. 11 And he called his sons, and they came close to him, they and their children, and he divided the earth into the lots, which his three sons were to take possession of, and they reached out their hands, and took the writing from the fold of their father Noah's clothing. 12 And the document assigned to Shem as his share the middle of the earth which he should take as an inheritance for himself and for his sons for the generations of eternity,⁠ from the middle of the mountain range of Rafa, from the mouth of the water from the river Tina, and his portion goes toward the west through the middle of this river, and it extends until it reaches the water of the abysses, out of which this river flows out and pours its waters into the sea Me'at, and this river flows into the great sea. And all that is toward the north is Japheth's, and all that is toward the south belongs to Shem. 13 And it extends until it reaches Karaso: this is in the middle of the tongue of land which looks toward the south. 14 And his portion extends along the great sea, and it extends in a straight line until it reaches the west of the tongue which looks toward the south: for this sea is named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea. 15 And it turns from here toward the south toward the mouth of the great sea on the shore of (its) waters, and it extends to the west to 'Afra, and it extends until it reaches the waters of the river Gihon, and to the south of the waters of Gihon, to the banks of this river. 16 And it extends toward the east, until it reaches the Garden of Eden, to the south of it, [to the south] and from the east of the whole land of Eden and of the whole east, it turns to the east and proceeds until it reaches the east of the mountain named Rafa, and it descends to the bank of the mouth of the river Tina. 17 This portion was assigned by lot for Shem and his sons, that they should possess it forever throughout his generations. 18 And Noah rejoiced that this portion was assigned for Shem and for his sons, and he remembered all that he had spoken with his mouth in prophecy; for he had said: 'Blessed be the Lord God of Shem And may the Lord live in Shem's home.' 19 And he knew that the Garden of Eden is the holy of holies, and the dwelling of the Lord,⁠ and Mount Sinai the center of the desert, and Mount Zion — the center of the navel of the earth: these three were created as holy places facing each other. 20 And he blessed the God of gods, who had put the word of the Lord into his mouth, and the Lord forevermore. 21 And he knew that a blessed portion and a blessing had come to Shem and his sons to the generations forever — the whole land of Eden and the whole land of the Red Sea, and the whole land of the east and India, and on the Red Sea and its mountains, and all the land of Bashan, and all the land of Lebanon and the islands of Kaftur, and all the mountains of Sanir and 'Amana, and the mountains of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and Babel, and Susan and Ma'edai, and all the mountains of Ararat, and all the region beyond the sea, which is beyond the mountains of Asshur toward the north, a blessed and spacious land, and all that is in it is very good. 22 And Ham received the second portion, beyond the Gihon toward the south to the right of the Garden, and it extends toward the south and it extends to all the mountains of fire, and it extends toward the west to the sea of 'Atel and it extends toward the west until it reaches the sea of Ma'uk — that (sea) into which everything which is not destroyed descends. 23 And it extends toward the north to the limits of Gadir, and it extends to the coast of the waters of the sea to the waters of the great sea until it draws near to the river Gihon, and goes along the river Gihon until it reaches the right of the Garden of Eden. 24 And this is the land which was assigned to Ham as the portion which he was to possess forever for himself and his sons to their generations forever. 25 And Japheth received the third portion beyond the river Tina to the north of the outflow of its waters, and it extends northeast to the whole region of Gog, and to all the country east of it. 26 And it extends northward, and it extends to the mountains of Qelt toward the north, and toward the sea of Ma'uk, and it extends to the east of Gadir as far as the region of the waters of the sea. 27 And it extends until it approaches the west of Fara and it returns toward 'Aferag, and it extends eastward to the waters of the sea of Me'at. 28 And it extends to the region of the river Tina in a northeasterly direction until it approaches the boundary of its waters toward the mountain Rafa, and it turns toward the north. 29 This is the land which was assigned to Japheth and his sons as the portion of his inheritance which he should possess for himself and his sons, for their generations forever; five great islands, and a great land in the north.⁠ 30 But it is cold, and the land of Ham is hot, and the land of Shem is neither hot nor cold, but it is of blended cold and heat.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:12 and LXX Genesis 11:12 and Jubilees 8:1 and Luke 3:36

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · New Testament

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Summary

In Genesis 11, Arphaxad is the father of Shelah. The Greek Septuagint translation and Jubilees add a generation, inserting Kainan. Luke appears to follow this tradition instead of the Hebrew text, listing Kainan as Shelah’s father.

Passages

Genesis 11:12

Hebrew Bible
11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters. 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 11:12

Septuagint
11 And Shem lived, after he had fathered Arphaxad, five hundred years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died. 12 And Arphaxad lived one hundred and thirty-five years, and fathered Cainan. 13 And Arphaxad lived after he had fathered Cainan, four hundred and thirty years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died. And Cainan lived one hundred and thirty years and fathered Shelah; and Cainan lived after he had fathered Shelah, three hundred and thirty years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Jubilees 8:1

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, [1373] in its beginning Arpachshad married a woman named Rasu'eja, the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she bore him a son in the third year in this week, [1375] and he named him Kainam. 2 And the son grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to look for a place where he could establish a city for himself.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Luke 3:36

New Testament
34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of Kenan,
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... Following this, the author narrates the next generation of humanity among Noah’s descendants: Rasu'eya, daughter of Susan: See Jubilees 4:13-15. This name seems to represent “desirable,” She gave birth to a son … Kainan: He is not mentioned in the Masoretic Text, Genesis 11:12, but he does appear in the Septuagint version (compare Luke 3:36); there Kainan is the father of Shelah, making Arpachshad Shelah’s grandfather instead of his father, as in the Masoretic Text ..."
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 75.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:12 and LXX Genesis 11:12 and Jubilees 8:1 and Luke 3:36

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