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About this book

Judith

About this book

Achior Warns Holofernes and Is Sent to Bethulia

Chapter 5

1 Holofernes, the chief captain of the army of Asshur, was told that the children of Israel had prepared for war, had shut up the passages of the hill country, had fortified all the tops of the high hills, and had set up barricades in the plains. 2 Then he was exceedingly angry, and he called all the princes of Moab, the captains of Ammon, and all the governors of the sea coast, 3 and he said to them, “Tell me now, you sons of Canaan, who are these people who dwell in the hill country? What are the cities that they inhabit? How large is their army? Where is their power and their strength? What king is set over them, to be the leader of their army? 4 Why have they turned their backs, that they should not come and meet me, more than all who dwell in the west?” 5 Then Achior, the leader of all the children of Ammon, said to him, “Let my lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will tell you the truth concerning these people who dwell in this hill country, near to the place where you dwell. No lie will come out of the mouth of your servant. 6 These people are descended from the Chaldeans. 7 They sojourned before this in Mesopotamia, because they didn’t want to follow the gods of their fathers, which were in the land of the Chaldeans. 8 They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven,⁠ the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods,⁠ and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days. 9 Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle. 10 Then they went down into Egypt, for a famine covered all the land of Canaan. They sojourned there until they had grown up. They became a great multitude there, so that one could not count the population of their nation.⁠ 11 Then the king of Egypt rose up against them, and dealt subtly with them, and brought them low, making them labor in brick, and made them slaves. 12 They cried to their God, and he struck all the land of Egypt with incurable plagues; so the Egyptians cast them out of their sight. 13 God dried up the Red sea before them, 14 and brought them into the way of Sinai Kadesh-Barnea and they cast out all that lived in the wilderness. 15 They lived in the land of the Amorites, and they destroyed by their strength everyone in Heshbon. Passing over Jordan, they possessed all the hill country. 16 They cast out before them the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Shechemite, and all the Girgashites, and they lived in that country many days. 17 And while they didn’t sin before their God, they prospered, because God who hates iniquity was with them. 18 But when they departed from the way which he appointed them, they were destroyed in many severe battles, and were led captives into a land that was not theirs. The temple of their God was razed to the ground, and their cities were taken by their adversaries. 19 And now they have returned to their God, and have come up from the dispersion where they were dispersed, and have possessed Jerusalem, where their sanctuary is, and are settled in the hill country; for it was desolate. 20 And now, my lord and master, if there is any error in this people, and they sin against their God, we will find out what this thing is in which they stumble, and we will go up and overcome them. 21 But if there is no lawlessness in their nation, let my lord now pass by, lest their Lord defend them, and their God be for them, and we will be a reproach before all the earth.” 22 It came to pass, when Achior had finished speaking these words, all the people standing around the tent complained. The great men of Holofernes, and all who lived by the sea side and in Moab, said that he should be cut to pieces. 23 For, they said, “We will not be afraid of the children of Israel, because, behold, they are a people that has no power nor might to make the battle strong. 24 Therefore now we will go up, and they will be a prey to be devoured by all your army, Lord Holofernes.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Judith 5:8 and Augustine, City of God 16.13

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Augustine quotes Judith to explain why Abraham’s family left Chaldea, a reason Genesis does not give. He treats Achior’s account as evidence that worship of one God brought persecution.

Passages

Judith 5:8

Deuterocanon
5 Then Achior, the leader of all the children of Ammon, said to him, “Let my lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will tell you the truth concerning these people who dwell in this hill country, near to the place where you dwell. No lie will come out of the mouth of your servant. 6 These people are descended from the Chaldeans. 7 They sojourned before this in Mesopotamia, because they didn’t want to follow the gods of their fathers, which were in the land of the Chaldeans. 8 They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven, the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days. 9 Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle.
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

Augustine, City of God 16.13

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
The only reason we can think of is that perhaps he had fallen away from the piety of his father and brother, and clung to the superstition of the Chaldeans, and had afterward emigrated from there, either through penitence, or because he was persecuted as a suspected person. For in the book called Judith, when Holofernes, the enemy of the Israelites, inquired what kind of nation that might be, and whether war should be made against them, Achior, the leader of the Ammonites, answered him thus: “Let our lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will declare to you the truth about the people who dwell near you in this hill country, and no lie shall come out of the mouth of your servant. For this people is descended from the Chaldeans, and they formerly dwelt in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, which were glorious in the land of the Chaldeans, but went out of the way of their ancestors, and adored the God of heaven, whom they knew; and they cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days. And their God told them to depart from their dwelling, and go into the land of Canaan; and they dwelt,” and so on, as Achior the Ammonite narrates. From this it is plain that the house of Terah had suffered persecution from the Chaldeans for the true piety with which they worshipped the one and true God.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 16

References

“... There are gaps in the story of Abraham’s early life as re- counted in Genesis 11:28–12:5. In Genesis 11:31 we are told that Terah, Abraham, Lot, and Sarai leave Ur of the Chaldeans on their way to the land of Canaan, but end up living in Haran, a city in northern Mesopotamia, and we hear nothing of the deities worshipped in Ur. Abraham is then com- manded by God to go to Canaan (Gen 12:1–5). In our passage, Achior fills in the gaps, and we learn that these migrations are connected to the rejec- tion of ancestral gods and the worship of God. Achior states that the Israe- lites’ ancestors were expelled from their homeland because of their belief in the existence of the God of heaven rather than the gods of their fathers. ...”
Deborah Levine Gera, Judith (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judith 5:8 and Augustine, City of God 16.13

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