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City of God, Book 16

On the City of God Against the Pagans

About this book
Chapter 13

Next it is related how Terah with his family left the region of the Chaldeans and came into Mesopotamia, and dwelt in Haran. But nothing is said about one of his sons called Nahor, as if he had not taken him along with him. For the narrative runs as follows: “And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his son's son, and Sarah his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife, and led them out of the region of the Chaldeans to go into the land of Canaan; and he came into Haran, and dwelt there.” Genesis 11:31 Nahor and Milcah his wife are nowhere named here. But afterward, when Abraham sent his servant to take a wife for his son Isaac, we find it written: “And the servant took ten camels of the camels of his lord, and of all the goods of his lord, with him; and arose, and went into Mesopotamia, into the city of Nahor.” Genesis 24:10 This and other testimonies of this sacred history show that Nahor, Abraham's brother, had also left the region of the Chaldeans, and settled in Mesopotamia, where Abraham dwelt with his father. Why, then, did the Scripture not mention him, when Terah with his family went out of the Chaldean nation and dwelt in Haran, since it mentions that he took with him not only Abraham his son, but also Sarah his daughter-in-law, and Lot his grandson? The only reason we can think of is that perhaps he had fallen away from the piety of his father and brother, and clung to the superstition of the Chaldeans, and had afterward emigrated from there, either through penitence, or because he was persecuted as a suspected person. For in the book called Judith, when Holofernes, the enemy of the Israelites, inquired what kind of nation that might be, and whether war should be made against them, Achior, the leader of the Ammonites, answered him thus: “Let our lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will declare to you the truth about the people who dwell near you in this hill country, and no lie shall come out of the mouth of your servant. For this people is descended from the Chaldeans, and they formerly dwelt in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, which were glorious in the land of the Chaldeans, but went out of the way of their ancestors, and adored the God of heaven, whom they knew; and they cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days. And their God told them to depart from their dwelling, and go into the land of Canaan; and they dwelt,” and so on, as Achior the Ammonite narrates. From this it is plain that the house of Terah had suffered persecution from the Chaldeans for the true piety with which they worshipped the one and true God.⁠

Book 17

Texts in conversation

Compare Judith 5:8 and Augustine, City of God 16.13

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Augustine quotes Judith to explain why Abraham’s family left Chaldea, a reason Genesis does not give. He treats Achior’s account as evidence that worship of one God brought persecution.

Passages

Judith 5:8

Deuterocanon
5 Then Achior, the leader of all the children of Ammon, said to him, “Let my lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will tell you the truth concerning these people who dwell in this hill country, near to the place where you dwell. No lie will come out of the mouth of your servant. 6 These people are descended from the Chaldeans. 7 They sojourned before this in Mesopotamia, because they didn’t want to follow the gods of their fathers, which were in the land of the Chaldeans. 8 They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven, the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days. 9 Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle.
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

Augustine, City of God 16.13

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
The only reason we can think of is that perhaps he had fallen away from the piety of his father and brother, and clung to the superstition of the Chaldeans, and had afterward emigrated from there, either through penitence, or because he was persecuted as a suspected person. For in the book called Judith, when Holofernes, the enemy of the Israelites, inquired what kind of nation that might be, and whether war should be made against them, Achior, the leader of the Ammonites, answered him thus: “Let our lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will declare to you the truth about the people who dwell near you in this hill country, and no lie shall come out of the mouth of your servant. For this people is descended from the Chaldeans, and they formerly dwelt in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, which were glorious in the land of the Chaldeans, but went out of the way of their ancestors, and adored the God of heaven, whom they knew; and they cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days. And their God told them to depart from their dwelling, and go into the land of Canaan; and they dwelt,” and so on, as Achior the Ammonite narrates. From this it is plain that the house of Terah had suffered persecution from the Chaldeans for the true piety with which they worshipped the one and true God.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 16

References

“... There are gaps in the story of Abraham’s early life as re- counted in Genesis 11:28–12:5. In Genesis 11:31 we are told that Terah, Abraham, Lot, and Sarai leave Ur of the Chaldeans on their way to the land of Canaan, but end up living in Haran, a city in northern Mesopotamia, and we hear nothing of the deities worshipped in Ur. Abraham is then com- manded by God to go to Canaan (Gen 12:1–5). In our passage, Achior fills in the gaps, and we learn that these migrations are connected to the rejec- tion of ancestral gods and the worship of God. Achior states that the Israe- lites’ ancestors were expelled from their homeland because of their belief in the existence of the God of heaven rather than the gods of their fathers. ...”
Deborah Levine Gera, Judith (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judith 5:8 and Augustine, City of God 16.13

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