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Jonathan Micah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

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The Ruler From Bethlehem

Chapter 5

1 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, too small to be counted among the thousands of Judah’s house, from you the Messiah will come before Me to rule Israel, whose name was spoken of long ago, from ancient times.⁠ 2 So they will be handed over when the woman in labor gives birth. The rest of their brothers will then rely on the people of Israel.

3 He will rise and rule with strength from the Lord, in the greatness of the name of the Lord his God. They will⁠ return from their exiles, for his name will then be great to the ends of the earth.

4 There will be peace for us when the Assyrian comes into our land, and when he treads on our fortresses. We will appoint seven kings over us, eight human princes.

5 They will rule Assyria’s land with the sword, and Nimrod’s land with the strength of its fortresses. He will rescue us from the Assyrian, so that he will not enter our land or tread on our territory.

The Survivors of Jacob

6 The survivors of Jacob’s house will live among many peoples, like dew from the Lord, like drops of spring rain on grass. They do not wait for anyone or depend on mortals.

7 The survivors of Jacob’s house will be among the nations, amid many peoples, like a lion among forest animals, like a young lion among flocks of sheep. As it passes, it tramples and kills, and no one can rescue them.

8 From this time on, Israel, your hand will overpower your enemies, and all your enemies will be destroyed.

Judgment on the Nations

9 At that time, says the Lord, I will destroy the⁠ peoples’ horses in your midst and demolish their chariots. 10 I will destroy the peoples’ cities in your land and demolish all their mighty fortresses.

11 I will destroy the sorcerers among you, and you will have no more diviners.

12 I will destroy the peoples’ carved images and their pillars from among you. You will no longer worship what your own hands have made. 13 I will uproot the peoples’ plantings from among you, and destroy your enemies.

14 In anger and fury I will bring judgment and punishment on the nations that⁠ have not accepted the Torah’s teaching.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 5:4 and Jonathan Micah 5:3

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, the ruler’s people live securely. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, they return from exile, interpreting his rule as the restoration of Israel’s scattered people.

Passages

Micah 5:4

Hebrew Bible
2 As for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, seemingly insignificant among the clans of Judah—from you a king will emerge who will rule over Israel on my behalf, one whose origins are in the distant past.3 So the Lord will hand the people of Israel over to their enemies until the time when the woman in labor gives birth. Then the rest of the king’s countrymen will return to be reunited with the people of Israel.4 He will assume his post and shepherd the people by the Lord’s strength, by the sovereign authority of the Lord his God. They will live securely, for at that time he will be honored even in the distant regions of the earth.5 He will give us peace. Should the Assyrians try to invade our land and attempt to set foot in our fortresses, we will send against them seven shepherd-rulers, make that eight commanders.
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 5:3

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
1 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, too small to be counted among the thousands of Judah’s house, from you the Messiah will come before Me to rule Israel, whose name was spoken of long ago, from ancient times. 2 So they will be handed over when the woman in labor gives birth. The rest of their brothers will then rely on the people of Israel.3 He will rise and rule with strength from the Lord, in the greatness of the name of the Lord his God. They will return from their exiles, for his name will then be great to the ends of the earth.4 There will be peace for us when the Assyrian comes into our land, and when he treads on our fortresses. We will appoint seven kings over us, eight human princes.

References

“... For MT “and they shall dwell secure”. Tz. has apparently interpreted consonantal wySbw as wsbw (“and they shall return”). See Chilton, The Glory of Israel 134n. 28. ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 122.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 5:4 and Jonathan Micah 5:3

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