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Micah

About this book
Chapter 5

1 But now slash yourself, daughter surrounded by soldiers! We are besieged! With a scepter they strike Israel’s ruler on the side of his face.⁠

A Messianic Poem

2 As for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, seemingly insignificant among the clans of Judah—from you a king will emerge who will rule over Israel on my behalf, one whose origins are in the distant past.⁠ 3 So the Lord will hand the people of Israel over to their enemies until the time when the woman in labor gives birth.⁠ Then the rest of the king’s countrymen will return to be reunited with the people of Israel. 4 He will assume his post and shepherd the people by the Lord’s strength, by the sovereign authority of the Lord his God. They will live securely, for at that time he will be honored even in the distant regions of the earth.⁠

Assyria Will Be Defeated

5 He will give us peace. Should the Assyrians try to invade our land and attempt to set foot in our fortresses, we will send against them seven shepherd-rulers, make that eight commanders. 6 They will rule the land of Assyria with the sword, the land of Nimrod with a drawn sword. Our king will rescue us from the Assyrians should they attempt to invade our land and try to set foot in our territory.

Israel Gains the Upper Hand

7 Those survivors from Jacob will live in the midst of many nations. They will be like the dew the Lord sends, like the rain on the grass, that does not hope for men to come or wait around for humans to arrive. 8 Those survivors from Jacob will live among the nations, in the midst of many peoples. They will be like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep,⁠ which attacks when it passes through. It rips its prey and there is no one to stop it. 9 Lift your hand triumphantly against your adversaries; may all your enemies be destroyed!

But Before Reconstruction, Demolition

10 “In that day,” says the Lord, “I will destroy your horses from your midst and smash your chariots.⁠ 11 I will destroy the cities of your land and tear down all your fortresses. 12 I will remove the sorcery that you practice, and you will no longer have omen readers living among you. 13 I will remove your idols and sacred pillars from your midst; you will no longer worship what your own hands made.⁠ 14 I will uproot your images of Asherah from your midst and destroy your idols. 15 With furious anger I will carry out vengeance on the nations that do not obey me.”⁠

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Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 5:4 and Jonathan Micah 5:3

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, the ruler’s people live securely. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, they return from exile, interpreting his rule as the restoration of Israel’s scattered people.

Passages

Micah 5:4

Hebrew Bible
2 As for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, seemingly insignificant among the clans of Judah—from you a king will emerge who will rule over Israel on my behalf, one whose origins are in the distant past.3 So the Lord will hand the people of Israel over to their enemies until the time when the woman in labor gives birth. Then the rest of the king’s countrymen will return to be reunited with the people of Israel.4 He will assume his post and shepherd the people by the Lord’s strength, by the sovereign authority of the Lord his God. They will live securely, for at that time he will be honored even in the distant regions of the earth.5 He will give us peace. Should the Assyrians try to invade our land and attempt to set foot in our fortresses, we will send against them seven shepherd-rulers, make that eight commanders.
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 5:3

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
1 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, too small to be counted among the thousands of Judah’s house, from you the Messiah will come before Me to rule Israel, whose name was spoken of long ago, from ancient times. 2 So they will be handed over when the woman in labor gives birth. The rest of their brothers will then rely on the people of Israel.3 He will rise and rule with strength from the Lord, in the greatness of the name of the Lord his God. They will return from their exiles, for his name will then be great to the ends of the earth.4 There will be peace for us when the Assyrian comes into our land, and when he treads on our fortresses. We will appoint seven kings over us, eight human princes.

References

“... For MT “and they shall dwell secure”. Tz. has apparently interpreted consonantal wySbw as wsbw (“and they shall return”). See Chilton, The Glory of Israel 134n. 28. ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 122.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 5:4 and Jonathan Micah 5:3

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