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Jonah

About this book
Chapter 4

1 This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry.⁠ 2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy,⁠ and one who relents concerning threatened judgment.⁠ 3 So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!”⁠ 4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?” 5 Jonah left the city and sat down east of it. He made a shelter for himself there and sat down under it in the shade to see what would happen to the city. 6 The Lord God appointed a little plant⁠ and caused it to grow up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to rescue him from his misery. Now Jonah was very delighted about the little plant. 7 So God sent a worm at dawn the next day, and it attacked the little plant so that it dried up. 8 When the sun began to shine, God sent a hot east wind. So the sun beat down on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint. So he despaired of life and said, “I would rather die than live!” 9 God said to Jonah, “Are you really so very angry about the little plant?” And he said, “I am as angry as I could possibly be!” 10 The Lord said, “You were upset about this little plant, something for which you did not work, nor did you do anything to make it grow. It grew up overnight and died the next day. 11 Should I not be more concerned about Nineveh, this enormous city? There are more than 120,000 people in it who do not know right from wrong, as well as many animals.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Joel 2:13 and Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jonah and Joel both use the formula describing God as gracious, compassionate, slow to anger, and full of mercy. In Joel, this encourages the people to repent by assuring forgiveness, while in Jonah, he repeats it in anger after God forgives Nineveh.

Passages

Joel 2:13

Hebrew Bible
11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning. 13 Tear your hearts, not just your garments.” Return to the Lord your God, for he is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and boundless in loyal love—often relenting from calamitous punishment. 14 Who knows? Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, and leave blessing in his wake—a meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God! 15 Blow the trumpet in Zion. Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry. 2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy, and one who relents concerning threatened judgment. 3 So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!” 4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

References

"... It has long been noted that, although radically different books in terms of genre, Joel and Jonah share common themes and key phraseology related to these themes. The connections are largely confined to parts of each book: Joel 2:12-14 and Jonah 3:9-4:2. The shared theme is the call to repentance with the depiction of God's gracious response. At the heart of this is the call for the people to return (Joel 2:12-13; Jonah 3:8,10) which, it is hoped, will prompt God to turn and relent (Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9-10). In the broader context the people's return in both cases is accompanied by fasting (Joel 1:14; 2:12; Jonah 3:5, 7) and the wearing of sackcloth (Joel 1:8, 13; Jonah 3:5, 6, 8) and involves their animals (Joel 1:20; Jonah 3:7-8). In both books the hope for God to turn and relent is rooted in the identical declaration of the gracious character of YHWH, unique in the Hebrew Bible (Joel 2:13b; Jonah 4:2). In the broader context both books also focus attention on God's compassionate acts (Joel 2:17; Jonah 4:10-11). Furthermore, the hope for God to turn and relent is expressed in a phrase headed by the same rhetorical question (Joel 2:14a; Jonah 3:9a) Finally, both books provide a narrative description of God's response to the penitential act (Joel 2:18-27; Jonah 3:10) ..."
Mark. J. Boda, “Penitential Innovations within the Twelve,” in On Stone and Scroll: Essays in Honour of Graham Ivor Davies, ed. Graham I. Davies et al. (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 391–407.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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