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Jonah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah a second time, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.”⁠ 3 So Jonah went immediately to Nineveh, in keeping with the Lord’s message. Now Nineveh was an enormous city—it required three days to walk through it! 4 Jonah began to enter the city by going one day’s walk, announcing, “At the end of 40 days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”⁠ 5 The people of Nineveh believed in God, and they declared a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the least of them.⁠ 6 When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, put on sackcloth, and sat on ashes. 7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do.⁠ 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”⁠ 10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them⁠ with and did not destroy them.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 3:2 and LXX Jonah 3:2

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, God sends Jonah a second time, using language that is identical to the first. The Greek Septuagint translators change what God says so it's obvious this is the second time he is being sent.

Passages

Jonah 3:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah a second time, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.” 3 So Jonah went immediately to Nineveh, in keeping with the Lord’s message. Now Nineveh was an enormous city—it required three days to walk through it!
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

LXX Jonah 3:2

Septuagint
1 And the word of the Lord came to Jonah the second time, saying, 2 Rise, go to Nineveh, the great city, and preach in it according to the former preaching which I spoke to you of. 3 And Jonah arose, and went to Nineveh, as the Lord had spoken. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, of about three days' journey.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jonah

References

“... The most surprising alteration occurs in 3:4. The Masoretic Text’s 40-day grace period in which Nineveh is to decide its response to Yahweh’s warning becomes 3 days in the Septuagint. Several explanations have been offered for this difference (most are textually based) but none alters the textual certainty of this reading as the original Septuagint text. This shortening of the time allowed by Yahweh for repentance heightens the tension in the story. The drastic action of the Ninevites becomes more understandable, their impetus to refrain from evil receives a stronger motivation, the abstinence from food and water becomes more realistic, and Jonah’s decision to wait and see the results makes better sense. The Septuagint reading intensifies the action and strengthens the plot development. The second alteration in the plot is the description of the recommissioning of Jonah in 3:2. In this context the Septuagint adds the expression (τὸ κήρυγμα) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν “the former proclamation” and uses the verb ἐλάλησα, “I spoke” making it quite clear that this oracle is not a new statement but the repetition of the original one given in 1:2. The content of that oracle has not changed nor, presumably, have any of the time constraints included in it. The Masoretic Text suggests that Yahweh provides a new oracle to Jonah, not necessarily the exact duplicate of the original. ...”
Larry J. Perkins, The Septuagint of Jonah: Aspects of Literary Analysis Applied to Biblical Translation (International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, 1987), 44–45.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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