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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 43

1 Now, this is what the Lord says, the one who created you, O Jacob, and formed you, O Israel: “Don’t be afraid, for I will protect you. I call you by name, you are mine. 2 When you pass through the waters, I am with you; when you pass through the streams, they will not overwhelm you.⁠ When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned; the flames will not harm you.⁠ 3 For I am the Lord your God, the Holy One of Israel, your deliverer. I have handed over Egypt as a ransom price, Ethiopia and Seba in place of you. 4 Since you are precious and special in my sight and I love you, I will hand over people in place of you, nations in place of your life. 5 Don’t be afraid, for I am with you. From the east I will bring your descendants; from the west I will gather you. 6 I will say to the north, ‘Hand them over!’ and to the south, ‘Don’t hold any back!’ Bring my sons from distant lands, and my daughters from the remote regions of the earth, 7 everyone who belongs to me, whom I created for my glory, whom I formed—yes, whom I made”. 8 Bring out the people who are blind, even though they have eyes, those who are deaf, even though they have ears! 9 All nations gather together, the peoples assemble. Who among them announced this? Who predicted earlier events for us? Let them produce their witnesses to testify they were right; let them listen and affirm, “It is true.” 10 “You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “my servant whom I have chosen so that you may consider and believe in me,⁠ and understand that I am he. No god was formed before me, and none will outlive me. 11 I, I am the Lord, and there is no deliverer besides me.⁠ 12 I decreed and delivered and proclaimed, and there was no other god among you.⁠ You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “that I am God. 13 From this day forward I am he; no one can deliver from my power; I will act, and who can prevent it?” 14 This is what the Lord says, your Protector, the Holy One of Israel: “For your sake I send to Babylon and make them all fugitives, turning the Babylonians’ joyful shouts into mourning songs. 15 I am the Lord, your Holy One, the one who created Israel, your King.” 16 This is what the Lord says, the one who made a road through the sea, a pathway through the surging waters,⁠ 17 the one who led chariots and horses to destruction, together with a mighty army. They fell down, never to rise again; they were extinguished, put out like a burning wick: 18 “Don’t remember these earlier events; don’t recall these former events. 19 “Look, I am about to do something new. Now it begins to happen! Do you not recognize it? Yes, I will make a road in the wilderness and paths in the wastelands. 20 The wild animals honor me, the jackals and ostriches, because I put water in the wilderness and streams in the wastelands to quench the thirst of my chosen people, 21 the people whom I formed for myself, so they might praise me. 22 “But you did not call for me, O Jacob; you did not long for me, O Israel. 23 You did not bring me lambs for your burnt offerings; you did not honor me with your sacrifices. I did not burden you with offerings; I did not make you weary by demanding incense. 24 You did not buy me aromatic reeds; you did not present to me the fat of your sacrifices. Yet you burdened me with your sins; you made me weary with your evil deeds. 25 I, I am the one who blots out your rebellious deeds for my sake;⁠ your sins I do not remember. 26 Remind me of what happened. Let’s debate! You, prove to me that you are right! 27 The father of your nation sinned; your spokesmen rebelled against me. 28 So I defiled your holy princes, and handed Jacob over to destruction, and subjected Israel to humiliating abuse.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 43:12 and Jonathan Isaiah 43:12

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 43 emphasizes that Israel is God’s witness, affirming divine uniqueness. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan introduces a reference to the oath to Abraham “between the pieces,” drawing from Genesis 15 to link this to ancestral promises.

Passages

Isaiah 43:12

Hebrew Bible
10 “You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “my servant whom I have chosen so that you may consider and believe in me, and understand that I am he. No god was formed before me, and none will outlive me. 11 I, I am the Lord, and there is no deliverer besides me. 12 I decreed and delivered and proclaimed, and there was no other god among you. You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “that I am God. 13 From this day forward I am he; no one can deliver from my power; I will act, and who can prevent it?” 14 This is what the Lord says, your Protector, the Holy One of Israel: “For your sake I send to Babylon and make them all fugitives, turning the Babylonians’ joyful shouts into mourning songs.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 43:12

Targum
10 You are my witnesses, says the LORD, and my servant, the Messiah, in whom is my delight, so that you may know and believe in me and understand that I am He who was from the beginning; ages upon ages are mine, and besides me there is no god. 11 I, even I, am the LORD, and besides me there is no savior. 12 I, I have declared to Abraham your father what would come to pass; I, I redeemed you out of Egypt, as I swore to him between the pieces; and I, I made you hear the teaching of my Torah from Sinai; and you are still alive, when there was no strange god among you; you are my witnesses, says the LORD, that I am God. 13 From eternity I am He, and there is none that can deliver out of my hand; I will do it, and who can turn it back?” 14 Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel, “Because of your sins I led you captive to Babylon; but I will lay them all low with their oars, the Chaldeans in the ships of which they boast.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The reassurance to Israel is framed as a promise of a new exodus (verses 2, 8, 12) and the use of this typology is different from that in 27:1. The reason for this difference is that Babylon, not Rome, is at issue in the present context (verse 14, compare 44:27). Notably, the Messiah appears here as a witness (verse 10) as if he already existed in personal terms. The connection between 'servant' and 'branch' (Targum Isaiah 4:2 in comparison with the Masoretic Text) is already made in Zechariah 33, but the idea of the messiah's personal pre-existence seems to be an Aramaic development. In that reference is also made to the Messiah in chapter, there is also literary justification for invoking him as a witness here, but only on the supposition that he is already active and not purely an eschatological figure. The reference to the oath to Abraham 'between the pieces' (verse 12) evidently refers to Genesis 15:17, and belongs to the generally Targumic understanding of Abraham as a figure of promise. (Curiously, there is no mention of the Aqedah here as in Targum Micah 7:20) ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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