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Habakkuk

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the oracle that the prophet Habakkuk saw: 2 How long, Lord, must I cry for help? But you do not listen! I call out to you, “Violence!” But you do not deliver!⁠ 3 Why do you force me to witness injustice? Why do you put up with wrongdoing? Destruction and violence confront me; conflict is present and one must endure strife. 4 For this reason the law lacks power, and justice is never carried out. Indeed, the wicked intimidate the innocent. For this reason justice is perverted. 5 “Look at the nations and pay attention!⁠ You will be shocked and amazed! For I will do something in your lifetime that you will not believe even though you are forewarned. 6 Look, I am about to empower the Babylonians,⁠ that ruthless and greedy nation. They sweep across the surface of the earth, seizing dwelling places that do not belong to them. 7 They are frightening and terrifying; they decide for themselves what is right. 8 Their horses are faster than leopards and more alert than wolves in the desert.⁠ Their horses gallop, their horses come a great distance; like eagles25 they swoop down quickly to devour their prey.⁠ 9 All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand. 10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them. 11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.”⁠ 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35.⁠ Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?⁠ 14 You made people like fish in the sea, like animals in the sea that have no ruler. 15 The Babylonian tyrant pulls them all up with a fishhook; he hauls them in with his throw net. When he catches them in his dragnet, he is very happy. 16 Because of his success he offers sacrifices to his throw net and burns incense to his dragnet; for because of them he has plenty of food and more than enough to eat. 17 Will he then continue to fill and empty his throw net? Will he always destroy nations and spare none?

Texts in conversation

Compare Habakkuk 1:12 and LXX Habakkuk 1:12

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Habakkuk likely originally read "you will not die," affirming God's immortality. Early scribes would have changed it to "we will not die" because referring to death and God in the same sentence was too disrespectful.

Passages

Habakkuk 1:12

Hebrew Bible
11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.” 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35. Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

LXX Habakkuk 1:12

Septuagint
11 Then he will change his spirit, and he shall pass through, and make an atonement, saying, This strength belongs to my god. 12 Are you not from the beginning, Lord God, my Holy One? and surely we shall not die. Lord, you have established him for judgment, and he has formed me to discipline with his correction. 13 His eye is too pure to look at evil deeds, and to look upon severe afflictions: why do you look upon despisers? will you be silent when the ungodly swallows up the just?
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Habakkuk

References

"... The words "we will not die" (Hebrew lo' namut) in the middle of verse 12 are a scribal emendation (also known as tiqqune sopherim), followed by the Septuagint, Vulgate, and most English versions, from an original "you will not die" (Hebrew lo' tamut). Evidently, the ancient scribe could not bear the thought of God's death, even if the sentence was couched in the negative (compare Rudolph 1975: 208-9). The Midrash regards Habakkuk's "we will not die" as a prayer asking God to remove death and restore the Creator's design as it was before Adam and Eve ate of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (Exodus Rabbah 38.2). ..."
Richard Coggins and Jin H. Han, Six Minor Prophets Through the Centuries: Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, BBC 29 (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), 55–56.
"... The tiqqune soferim, "corrections of the scribes," recorded in the Masorah, are words referred to in the Masorah as representing early corrections by the soferim. The Masorah records for these "corrected words" the specific words representing the presumed uncorrected, original text. According to various sources, the scribes corrected the text in several places — 8 (7) according to Sifre 84 (pp. 81-82) to Numbers 10:35, and 11 (9) according to Mekhilta Shirata 6 to Exodus 15:7 (the various manuscripts of these compositions contain different items), and 18 according to additional sources. The list in the Mekhilta to Exodus 15:7 contains the following eleven instances (in this sequence in the edition of Horowitz): Zechariah 2:12; Malachi 1:13; 1 Samuel 3:13; Job 7:20; Habakkuk 1:12; Jeremiah 2:11; Psalm 106:20; Numbers 11:15; 1 Kings 12:16; Ezekiel 8:17; Numbers 12:12. For these verses the rabbis use two main terms, namely, "the verse uses a euphemism," in the early sources (Sifre 84 to Numbers 10:35; Mekhilta to Exodus 15:7) and tiqqun, "correction," in the later lists. The two terms may reflect ancient conflicting views of the phenomenon, that is, either euphemisms or ancient textual corrections. However, since the terms are used in lists of different dates, it is more likely that the differences in terminology reflect a development in conception. Probably the tradition originally referred to mere "euphemisms" (substitutions) and only afterwards were they taken as corrections. Another common characteristic of the corrections of the scribes is that most of them correct merely one or two letters, principally the pronominal suffix. If the corrections had represented changes in the text, it is hard to believe that the correctors would have limited themselves to such small details ..."
Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 65–66.
"... I am inclined to suppose that Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab) column 5, line 3 suggests that the tiqqun recorded in several Massoretic lists for Habakkuk 1:12 (namut for tamut) is presupposed. Habakkuk probably wrote at 1:12: "Art thou not from everlasting, O Yahweh my God, my Holy One? Thou wilt not die." According to rabbinic sources, such an idea as Yahweh dying was so abhorrent even though stated negatively, that the sopherim corrected this to read: "We shall not die." ..."
Michael Fishbane, Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 69.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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