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Genesis

About this book

Jacob and Esau Meet

Chapter 33

1 Jacob looked up and saw that Esau was coming along with 400 men. So he divided the children among Leah, Rachel, and the two female servants. 2 He put the servants and their children in front, with Leah and her children behind them, and Rachel and Joseph behind them. 3 But Jacob himself went on ahead of them, and he bowed toward the ground seven times as he approached his brother. 4 But Esau ran to meet him, embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him.⁠ Then they both wept. 5 When Esau looked up and saw the women and the children, he asked, “Who are these people with you?” Jacob replied, “The children whom God has graciously given your servant.” 6 The female servants came forward with their children and bowed down. 7 Then Leah came forward with her children and they bowed down. Finally Joseph and Rachel came forward and bowed down. 8 Esau then asked, “What did you intend by sending all these herds to meet me?” Jacob replied, “To find favor in your sight, my lord.” 9 But Esau said, “I have plenty, my brother. Keep what belongs to you.” 10 “No, please take them,” Jacob said. “If I have found favor in your sight, accept my gift from my hand. Now that I have seen your face and you have accepted me, it is as if I have seen the face of God. 11 Please take my present that was brought to you, for God has been generous to me and I have all I need.” When Jacob urged him, he took it. 12 Then Esau said, “Let’s be on our way! I will go in front of you.” 13 But Jacob said to him, “My lord knows that the children are young, and that I have to look after the sheep and cattle that are nursing their young. If they are driven too hard for even a single day, all the animals will die. 14 Let my lord go on ahead of his servant. I will travel more slowly, at the pace of the herds and the children, until I come to my lord at Seir.” 15 So Esau said, “Let me leave some of my men with you.” “Why do that?” Jacob replied. “My lord has already been kind enough to me.” 16 So that same day Esau made his way back to Seir. 17 But Jacob traveled to Sukkoth where he built himself a house and made shelters for his livestock. That is why the place was called Sukkoth.

Jacob Settles near Shechem

18 After he left Paddan Aram, Jacob came safely to the city of Shechem in the land of Canaan,⁠ and he camped near the city. 19 Then he purchased the portion of the field where he had pitched his tent; he bought it from the sons of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for 100 pieces of money.⁠ 20 There he set up an altar and called it “The God of Israel is God.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 33:4 and Luke 15:22

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

The parable of the prodigal son in Luke evokes Genesis 33 in its depiction of a dramatic reunion, with one figure running, embracing, falling upon the other’s neck, and kissing them. The similarity connects the parable with Jacob and Esau’s reunion.

Passages

Genesis 33:4

Hebrew Bible
1 Jacob looked up and saw that Esau was coming along with 400 men. So he divided the children among Leah, Rachel, and the two female servants. 2 He put the servants and their children in front, with Leah and her children behind them, and Rachel and Joseph behind them. 3 But Jacob himself went on ahead of them, and he bowed toward the ground seven times as he approached his brother. 4 But Esau ran to meet him, embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him. Then they both wept. 5 When Esau looked up and saw the women and the children, he asked, “Who are these people with you?” Jacob replied, “The children whom God has graciously given your servant.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Luke 15:22

New Testament
18 I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired workers.”’ 20 So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still a long way from home his father saw him, and his heart went out to him; he ran and hugged his son and kissed him. 21 Then his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ 22 But the father said to his slaves, ‘Hurry! Bring the best robe, and put it on him! Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet! 23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it! Let us eat and celebrate, 24 because this son of mine was dead, and is alive again—he was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... The father runs to meet the son - an outlandish behavior, as emphasized by many interpreters. According to tradition, the 'way' a man walks 'shows what he is' (Sirach 19:30), and therefore a dignified man does not run. We must imagine here a prominent person wearing a long robe. In order to run, he must pull up the robe, exposing his legs, which would have been considered shameful in a Semitic culture. Even in a gentile Greco-Roman context, a 'proud man' makes slow steps. Prior to hearing what the son might have to say, the father embraces his son (literally the Greek reads, 'he fell upon his neck' an expression found in Genesis 33:4; 45:14; 46:29; 3 Maccabees 5:49; Acts 20:37) and kisses him. The scene recalls, above all, the reconciliation scene between Jacob and Esau, in which nearly the same language is used - Esau (a relatively young man) runs, falls upon the neck of Jacob his younger brother, and kisses him (Genesis 33:4 ... the sequence of Luke's verbs corresponds to that of the Masoretic Text of Genesis 33:4 rather than to that of the LXX) All takes place in the parable as though there is no time or opportunity for the son to greet his father properly, fall at his feet, and begin to make his speech ..."
Arland J. Hultgren, The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary, The Bible in Its World (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), 78.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 33:4 and Luke 15:22

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