Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

Jacob Encounters Angels

Chapter 32

1 So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God met him.⁠ 2 When Jacob saw them, he exclaimed, “This is the camp of God!” So he named that place Mahanaim.

Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau

3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region of Edom.⁠ 4 He commanded them, “This is what you must say to my lord Esau: ‘This is what your servant Jacob says: I have been staying with Laban until now. 5 I have oxen, donkeys, sheep, and male and female servants. I have sent this message to inform my lord, so that I may find favor in your sight.’” 6 The messengers returned to Jacob and said, “We went to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you and has 400 men with him.” 7 Jacob was very afraid and upset. So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels. 8 “If Esau attacks one camp,” he thought, “then the other camp will be able to escape.” 9 Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O Lord, you said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your relatives and I will make you prosper.’ 10 I am not worthy of all the faithful love you have shown your servant. With only my walking stick I crossed the Jordan, but now I have become two camps. 11 Rescue me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid he will come and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children. 12 But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand on the seashore, too numerous to count.’” 13 Jacob stayed there that night. Then he sent as a gift to his brother Esau 14 200 female goats and 20 male goats, 200 ewes and 20 rams, 15 30 female camels with their young, 40 cows and 10 bulls, and 20 female donkeys and 10 male donkeys. 16 He entrusted them to his servants, who divided them into herds. He told his servants, “Pass over before me, and keep some distance between one herd and the next.” 17 He instructed the servant leading the first herd, “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘To whom do you belong? Where are you going? Whose herds are you driving?’ 18 then you must say, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They have been sent as a gift to my lord Esau. In fact Jacob himself is behind us.’” 19 He also gave these instructions to the second and third servants, as well as all those who were following the herds, saying, “You must say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. 20 You must also say, ‘In fact your servant Jacob is behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will first appease him by sending a gift ahead of me. After that I will meet him. Perhaps he will accept me.” 21 So the gifts were sent on ahead of him while he spent that night in the camp.

Jacob Wrestles at the Jabbok

22 During the night Jacob quickly took his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. 23 He took them and sent them across the stream along with all his possessions. 24 So Jacob was left alone. Then a man wrestled with him until daybreak.⁠ 25 When the man saw that he could not defeat Jacob, he struck the socket of his hip⁠ so the socket of Jacob’s hip was dislocated while he wrestled with him. 26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, “unless you bless me.” 27 The man asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “Jacob.” 28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel,⁠ because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.”⁠ 29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there. 30 So Jacob named the place Peniel, explaining, “Certainly I have seen God face to face and have survived.”⁠ 31 The sun rose over him as he crossed over Penuel, but he was limping because of his hip. 32 That is why to this day the Israelites do not eat the sinew which is attached to the socket of the hip, because he struck the socket of Jacob’s hip near the attached sinew.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 32:28 and LXX Genesis 32:29 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:12

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Deuterocanon

Share:

Summary

In Genesis 32, Jacob’s new name “Israel” comes from wrestling “with God.” The Greek Septuagint softens this with abstract language, and the Wisdom of Solomon goes further, portraying Jacob’s struggle as a victory of wisdom rather than physical strength.

Passages

Genesis 32:28

Hebrew Bible
26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, “unless you bless me.” 27 The man asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “Jacob.” 28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel, because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.” 29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 32:29

Septuagint
27 And he said to him, Let me go, for the day has dawned; but he said, I will not let you go, except you bless me. 28 And he said to him, What is your name? and he answered, Jacob. 29 And he said to him, Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name; for you have shown strength with God, and are mighty with men. 30 And Jacob asked and said, Tell me your name; and he said, Why do you ask after my name? and he blessed him there.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Wisdom of Solomon 10:12

Deuterocanon
11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one. 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon,
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... But such was hardly the only way of understanding the meaning of Jacob's new name. The 'with' in 'struggled with' is somewhat ambiguous, in Hebrew as well as English. It could mean that Jacob had fought 'in the company of' or even 'with the help of' God. And even the Hebrew for 'struggle' - an extremely rare word - might be understood differently: it could also mean something like 'was strong' or 'was a ruler.' As a result, many interpreters concluded that Jacob's new name had nothing to do with struggling with (in the sense of 'against') God or even an angel of God. It meant that Jacob had been strong with the help of God or had been exalted with (that is, into the company of) God ..."
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 226–227.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Genesis 32:28 and LXX Genesis 32:29 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:12

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library