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Exodus

About this book

The Covenant Confirmed

Chapter 24

1 But to Moses the Lord said, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,⁠ and seventy of the elders of Israel,⁠ and worship from a distance.⁠ 2 Moses alone may come near the Lord, but the others must not come near, nor may the people go up with him.” 3 Moses came and told the people all the Lord’s words and all the decisions. All the people answered together, “We are willing to do all the words that the Lord has said,” 4 and Moses wrote down all the words of the Lord. Early in the morning he built an altar at the foot of the mountain and arranged twelve standing stones—according to the twelve tribes of Israel. 5 He sent young Israelite men, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls for peace offerings to the Lord.⁠ 6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and half of the blood he splashed on the altar. 7 He took the Book of the Covenant and read it aloud to the people,⁠ and they said, “We are willing to do and obey all that the Lord has spoken.” 8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on the people⁠ and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.”⁠ 9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up,⁠ 10 and they saw the God of Israel.⁠ Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself.⁠ 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank.⁠ 12 The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandments that I have written,⁠ so that you may teach them.”⁠ 13 So Moses set out with Joshua his attendant, and Moses went up the mountain of God. 14 He told the elders, “Wait for us in this place until we return to you.⁠ Here are Aaron and Hur with you. Whoever has any matters of dispute can approach them.” 15 Moses went up the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 16 The glory of the Lord resided on Mount Sinai,⁠ and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day he called to Moses from within the cloud.⁠ 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in plain view of the people. 18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.6 I:56 and Exodus 24:10

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Exodus 24, Moses and the elders see God in his throne room, high on a mountain. A similar image is found in the Ugaritic Baal Cycle, where Athtar attempts to ascend Mount Sapan and sit on Baal’s divine throne but fails.

Passages

KTU 1.6 I:56

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
The Great Lady-who-tramples-Yamm replied: Indeed, let us make Athtar the Brilliant king Athtar the Brilliant shall rule! Then Athtar the Brilliant went up into the uttermost parts of Sapan; he sat on the throne of Valiant Baal. But his feet did not reach the footstool; Then Athtar the Brilliant said: I shall not rule in the uttermost parts of Sapan! Athtar the Brilliant came down, he came down from the throne of Valiant Baal, and ruled in the earth
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Exodus 24:10

Hebrew Bible
9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up, 10 and they saw the God of Israel. Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself. 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank. 12 The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandments that I have written, so that you may teach them.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

References

"... The superhuman size is a critical feature of the second divine body, as seen for God in Exodus 24 and 33-34 and the massive throne of Baal in the Ugaritic Baal Cycle (KTU I.6 I 56-65). The superhuman size of Baal is also represented in the so-called Louvre Baal stele, a depiction of the god standing with weapons in either hand, along with a much smaller human figure. The god is depicted more than three times the height of the human figure, which has been interpreted as the king. A temple excavated at Ain Dara in northern Syria likewise exhibits this idea of the supersized deity, with footprints of over three feet (one meter) carved into the temple flooring. With the distance between the supersized footprints being about thirty feet (nine meters), the deity was imagined as being about sixty-five feet (close to twenty meters) tall ..."
Mark S. Smith, Where the Gods Are: Spatial Dimensions of Anthropomorphism in the Biblical World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016), 26.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.6 I:56 and Exodus 24:10

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