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Barnabas

Epistle of Barnabas

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The Temple and Its Destruction

Chapter 16

1 Furthermore, I will also tell you concerning the temple: how these unfortunate people, being led astray, put their trust in the building instead of in their God who made them, as though it were truly God’s house. 2 For, almost like the Gentiles, they treated Him as if consecrated in the temple. But what does the Lord say, annulling the temple? Learn this: ‘Who has measured the sky with a span or the earth with his hand? Haven’t I?’ says the Lord. ‘Heaven is My throne, and earth is the footstool under My feet. What house will you build for Me, or what will be My resting place?’ You see that their hope is in vain. 3 Furthermore, He says again: ‘Look, those who tore down this temple will themselves build it.’ 4 So it happens; for since they went to war, it was torn down by their enemies. And now even the servants of their enemies will rebuild it. 5 Again, it was revealed how the city and the temple and the people of Israel would be handed over. For Scripture says: ‘And it will come to pass in the last days that the Lord will hand over the sheep of His pasture, and the fold, and their tower, to destruction.’ And it happened as the Lord said.⁠

The Community as a Temple

6 But let us ask whether there is any temple of God. Yes, there is—the place where He Himself undertakes to make and complete it. For it is written: ‘And it will come to pass, when the week is being completed, the temple of God will be built gloriously in the name of the Lord.’⁠ 7 Then I find that there is a temple. How then will it be built in the name of the Lord? Understand: Before we believed in God, the dwelling place of our heart was corrupt and weak, truly a temple built by hands, because it was full of idolatry and was a house of demons, since we did whatever was contrary to God. 8 But it will be built in the name of the Lord. Take care, then, that the temple of the Lord may be built gloriously. 9 How? Understand: By receiving the forgiveness of our sins and placing our hope in the Name, we became new, created anew from the beginning. For this reason, God truly dwells in our habitation within us. How? The word of His faith, the calling of His promise, the wisdom of His ordinances, and the commands of His teaching—He Himself prophesying in us, He Himself dwelling in us—opening for us, who had been enslaved to death, the door of the temple (which is the mouth), and granting us repentance, leads us into the everlasting temple. 10 For the one who wants to be saved does not look to the human being but to Him who dwells and speaks in that person, amazed at this: that he has never heard these words from the mouth of the speaker nor ever desired to hear them. This is the spiritual temple built for the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 91:13 and Barnabas 16:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Early Christian

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Summary

The epistle of Barnabas alludes to 1 Enoch 91, describing the eschatological timing of the building of a house for a great king. The sequence and imagery match elements of 1 Enoch, suggesting a direct echo and a common apocalyptic tradition.

Passages

1 Enoch 91:13

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
11 And after that, the roots of wickedness will be cut off, and sinners will be destroyed by the sword . . . will be cut off from the blasphemers in every place, and those who plan violence and those who commit blasphemy will perish by the sword. 12 And after that, there will be another, the eighth week, that of righteousness, and a sword will be given to it that a righteous judgment may be executed on the oppressors, and sinners will be delivered into the hands of the righteous. 13 And at its end, they will acquire houses through their righteousness, and a house will be built for the Great King in glory forevermore. 14 And after that, in the ninth week, the righteous judgment will be revealed to the whole world, and all the works of the godless will vanish from all the earth, and the world will be written down for destruction, and all mankind will look to the path of uprightness.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Barnabas 16:6

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
6 But let us ask whether there is any temple of God. Yes, there is—the place where He Himself undertakes to make and complete it. For it is written: ‘And it will come to pass, when the week is being completed, the temple of God will be built gloriously in the name of the Lord.’ 7 Then I find that there is a temple. How then will it be built in the name of the Lord? Understand: Before we believed in God, the dwelling place of our heart was corrupt and weak, truly a temple built by hands, because it was full of idolatry and was a house of demons, since we did whatever was contrary to God. 8 But it will be built in the name of the Lord. Take care, then, that the temple of the Lord may be built gloriously.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

References

"... The present study will devote itself to the elucidation of one of these alleged Enochic citations - one that is found within the fourth chapter of the early Christian tract known as the Epistle of Barnabas. Barnabas is a virulently anti-Judaic diatribe that nevertheless provides some valuable testimony regarding the evaluation and interpretation of scripture among certain circles in the early church during the first decades of the second century CE. While Barnabas largely confines itself to the exegesis of select biblical passages, in eschatological discussions it also quotes Enoch as 'scripture', although it identifies this author only once by name, at Barnabas 4:3 (Barnabas 16:5 = 1 Enoch 89:56; Barnabas 16:6 = 1 Enoch 91:13; Both of these quotations are cited as 'scripture') ..."
John C. Reeves, An Enochic Citation in Barnabas 4.3 and the Oracles of Hystaspes (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1994), 261–277.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 91:13 and Barnabas 16:6

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