Go to Related Reading
About this book

2 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 22

1 David sang to the Lord the words of this song when the Lord rescued him from the power of all his enemies, including Saul. 2 He said: “The Lord is my rock, my stronghold, my deliverer. 3 My God is my rocky summit where I take shelter, my shield, the horn that saves me, my stronghold, my refuge, my savior. You save me from violence! 4 I called to the Lord, who is worthy of praise, and I was delivered from my enemies. 5 The waves of death engulfed me; the currents of chaos overwhelmed me.⁠ 6 The ropes of Sheol tightened around me; the snares of death trapped me.⁠ 7 In my distress I called to the Lord; I called to my God. From his heavenly temple he heard my voice; he listened to my cry for help.⁠ 8 The earth heaved and shook; the foundations of the sky trembled.⁠ They heaved because he was angry.⁠ 9 Smoke ascended from his nose; fire devoured as it came from his mouth; he hurled down fiery coals.⁠ 10 He made the sky sink as he descended; a thick cloud was under his feet. 11 He mounted a cherub and flew; he glided on the wings of the wind.⁠ 12 He shrouded himself in darkness, in thick rain clouds. 13 From the brightness in front of him came coals of fire.⁠ 14 The Lord thundered from the sky; the Most High shouted loudly.⁠ 15 He shot arrows and scattered them, lightning and routed them. 16 The depths of the sea were exposed; the inner regions of the world were uncovered by the Lord’s battle cry,⁠ by the powerful breath from his nose.⁠ 17 He reached down from above and grabbed me; he pulled me from the surging water. 18 He rescued me from my strong enemy, from those who hate me, for they were too strong for me. 19 They confronted me in my day of calamity, but the Lord helped me. 20 He brought me out into a wide open place; he delivered me because he was pleased with me. 21 The Lord repaid me for my godly deeds; he rewarded my blameless behavior. 22 For I have obeyed the Lord’s commands; I have not rebelled against my God. 23 For I am aware of all his regulations, and I do not reject his rules. 24 I was blameless before him; I kept myself from sinning. 25 The Lord rewarded me for my godly deeds; he took notice of my blameless behavior. 26 You prove to be loyal to one who is faithful; you prove to be trustworthy to one who is innocent. 27 You prove to be reliable to one who is blameless, but you prove to be deceptive to one who is perverse. 28 You deliver oppressed people, but you watch the proud and bring them down. 29 Indeed, you are my lamp, Lord. The Lord illumines the darkness around me. 30 Indeed, with your help I can charge against an army; by my God’s power I can jump over a wall. 31 The one true God acts in a faithful manner; the Lord’s promise is reliable; he is a shield to all who take shelter in him. 32 Indeed, who is God besides the Lord? Who is a protector besides our God? 33 The one true God is my mighty refuge; he removes the obstacles in my way. 34 He gives me the agility of a deer; he enables me to negotiate the rugged terrain.⁠ 35 He trains my hands for battle; my arms can bend even the strongest bow. 36 You give me your protective shield; your willingness to help enables me to prevail. 37 You widen my path; my feet do not slip. 38 I chase my enemies and destroy them; I do not turn back until I wipe them out. 39 I wipe them out and beat them to death; they cannot get up; they fall at my feet. 40 You give me strength for battle; you make my foes kneel before me. 41 You make my enemies retreat; I destroy those who hate me. 42 They cry out, but there is no one to help them; they cry out to the Lord, but he does not answer them. 43 I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground; I crush them and stomp them like clay in the streets. 44 You rescue me from a hostile army; you preserve me as a leader of nations; people over whom I had no authority are now my subjects. 45 Foreigners are powerless before me; when they hear of my exploits, they submit to me. 46 Foreigners lose their courage; they shake with fear as they leave their strongholds. 47 The Lord is alive! My Protector is praiseworthy! The God who delivers me is exalted as king! 48 The one true God completely vindicates me; he makes nations submit to me. 49 He delivers me from my enemies; you snatch me away from those who attack me; you rescue me from violent men. 50 So I will give you thanks, O Lord, before the nations! I will sing praises to you. 51 He gives his king magnificent victories; he is faithful to his chosen ruler, to David and to his descendants forever!”

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 22:11 and Habakkuk 3:10

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Habakkuk uses storm deity language found in 2 Samuel, where a god rides through the sky, strikes with lightning, and uncovers the sea. He reshapes this image around a cloud chariot, drawing on ideas also seen in Ezekiel and Isaiah.

Passages

2 Samuel 22:11

Hebrew Bible
8 The earth heaved and shook; the foundations of the sky trembled. They heaved because he was angry. 9 Smoke ascended from his nose; fire devoured as it came from his mouth; he hurled down fiery coals. 10 He made the sky sink as he descended; a thick cloud was under his feet. 11 He mounted a cherub and flew; he glided on the wings of the wind. 12 He shrouded himself in darkness, in thick rain clouds. 13 From the brightness in front of him came coals of fire. 14 The Lord thundered from the sky; the Most High shouted loudly. 15 He shot arrows and scattered them, lightning and routed them. 16 The depths of the sea were exposed; the inner regions of the world were uncovered by the Lord’s battle cry, by the powerful breath from his nose.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

Habakkuk 3:10

Hebrew Bible
8 Was the Lord mad at the rivers? Were you angry with the rivers? Were you enraged at the sea? Such that you would climb into your horse-drawn chariots, your victorious chariots? 9 Your bow is ready for action; you commission your arrows. Selah. You cause flash floods on the earth’s surface. 10 When the mountains see you, they shake. The torrential downpour sweeps through. The great deep shouts out; it lifts its hands high. 11 The sun and moon stand still in their courses; the flash of your arrows drives them away, the bright light of your lightning-quick spear. 12 You furiously stomp on the earth; you angrily trample down the nations. 13 You march out to deliver your people, to deliver your special servant. You strike the leader of the wicked nation, laying him open from the lower body to the neck. Selah. 14 You pierce the heads of his warriors with a spear. They storm forward to scatter us; they shout with joy as if they were plundering the poor with no opposition. 15 But you trample on the sea with your horses, on the surging, raging waters.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

References

"... This phrase is evocative of the winged cherubs in Ezekiel’s visions in Ezekiel 1–11, where there is a close connection between the movements of Yahweh’s winged cherubs and the “wind” (or “spirit”). We are first introduced to these creatures in Ezekiel 1:4–6 and 1:20–24, and it is these same creatures which Ezekiel sees in Ezekiel 10 (10:16–21), bearing the heavenly chariot on which Yahweh departs from the temple. Ezekiel’s imagery would appear to be a development of the imagery of the Ark of the Covenant, which had two cherubs atop it, upon which Yahweh sat as the one “enthroned between the cherubim.” In several passages elsewhere, Yahweh is said to have mounted a cherub and flown on the wings of the wind (2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:10; 104:3) ... My conjecture is that the significance of Yahweh’s chariots emerging “from between the two [bronze] mountains” in Zechariah 6:1 is that Yahweh has burst through the mountains. I suggest that this imagery arises from an intertextual conflation of Isaiah 45:2 and Habakkuk 3. In Isaiah 45:2, Yahweh declares that “I will level the mountains and break down the doors of bronze.” Habakkuk 3 describes Yahweh the divine warrior riding forth to rescue his people, with shattering consequences for the geographic features in his path ... According to Habakkuk 3:8, it is particularly Yahweh’s chariots and horses which are the agents of his destruction ..."
Michael R. Stead, The Intertextuality of Zechariah 1–8 (New York: T & T Clark International, 2009), 197, 212.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

2 Samuel 22:11 and Habakkuk 3:10

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library