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In Revelation, Jesus rides with crowns, a royal garment and a heavenly army. In 3 Enoch, angelic rulers ride with the same signs of kingship, connecting Jesus' heavenly authority with the royal appearance of angels.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Revelation 19:12
New Testament
11 Then I saw heaven opened and here came a white horse! The one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice he judges and goes to war. 12 His eyes are like a fiery flame and there are many diadem crowns on his head. He has a name written that no one knows except himself. 13 He is dressed in clothing dipped in blood, and he is called the Word of God. 14 The armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, were following him on white horses. 15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword so that with it he can strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he stomps the winepress of the furious wrath of God, the All-Powerful.
3 Enoch 17:8
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
And over them are SEVENTY-TWO PRINCES OF KINGDOMS on high corresponding to the 72 tongues of the world. And all of them are crowned with royal crowns and clad in royal garments and wrapped in royal cloaks. And all of them are riding on royal horses and they are holding royal sceptres in their hands. And before each one of them when he is travelling in Raqia', royal servants are running with great glory and majesty even as on earth they (princes) are travelling in chariot(s) with horsemen and great armies and in glory and greatness with praise, song and honour.
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Notes and References
“... A potential parallel for Christ's description in angelic categories in 3 Enoch
might be promising, because some of the elements which are attributed to angels there
seem to match with Apc 19. In 3 Enoch 17: 8, a certain group of angels (the 72 princes
of kingdoms corresponding to the 72 nations of the world) are crowned with kingly
crowns (cp. the diadem in Apc 19: 12 and the crown in Apc 14: 14). They wear special
garments (cp. Apc 19: 13.16), ride horses (like Christ in Apc 19: 11-21). and hold a
sceptre (cp. the staff in Apc 19: 15). Further, like Christ in Apc 19: 14, they are
accompanied by heavenly armies. The number of parallels between the angels in 3
Enoch and Apc 19 seems to be rather impressive. However, the dating of 3 Enoch -
written centuries after the Apocalypse - indicates that an influence of the angelological
concepts on Apc 19 is entirely out of question. It can only be assumed that the author of
3 Enoch created his own angelological concept which coincidentialy
matches the
description of Christ in Apc 19, or that both passages draw on similar material for their
representations. Such passages might involve Daniel 10: 5-6 (for the garment), Psalm 2
(for the staff/sceptre), or Daniel 10: 13.21; 12: 1 (for the leadership of a heavenly army). ...”
Hoffmann, Matthias Reinhard
Angelomorphic Christology and the Book of Revelation
(p. 217) The University of Durham, 2003
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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