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In 3 Enoch, each of the seven heavens has an angelic ruler. Rabbinic tradition in tractate Chagigah lists the same heavens by name, giving Metatron's account a shared map of heaven with its own appointed officers.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
3 Enoch 17:3
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
MIKAEL, the great prince, is appointed over the seventh heaven, the highest one, which is in the 'Araboth. GABRIEL, the prince of the host, is appointed over the sixth heaven which is in Makon. SHATAQIEL, prince of the host, is appointed over the fifth heaven which is in Ma'on. SHAHAQI'EL, prince of the host, is appointed over the fourth heaven which is in Zebul. BADARIEL, prince of the host, is appointed over the third heaven which is in Shehaqim. BARAKIEL, prince of the host, is appointed over the second heaven which is in the height of (Merom) Raqia. PAZRIEL, prince of the host, is appointed over the first heaven which is in Wilon, which is in Shamayim.
Chagigah 12b:5
Babylonian Talmud
Rabbinic
Reish Lakish said: There are seven firmaments, and they are as follows: Vilon, Rakia, Sheḥakim, Zevul, Ma’on, Makhon, and Aravot. The Gemara proceeds to explain the role of each firmament: Vilon, curtain, is the firmament that does not contain anything, but enters at morning and departs in the evening, and renews the act of Creation daily, as it is stated: “Who stretches out the heavens as a curtain [Vilon], and spreads them out as a tent to dwell in” (Isaiah 40:22). Rakia, firmament, is the one in which the sun, moon, stars, and zodiac signs are fixed, as it is stated: “And God set them in the firmament [Rakia] of the heaven” (Genesis 1:17).
Date: 450-550 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
“... d. On the seven heavens see "Theological
Importance." It is clear from the parallel passage
in b.Hag 12b that, apart from Wilon (on which
see n. f below), the various names of the heavens
are derived by exegesis from Scripture.
e. "Which is in RaqiaV Lemb; "which is
in the height of RaqiaV A B: "which is in
Samayim," Mus.
f. "The first heaven, which is in Wilon,"
Mus; "the first heaven, which is in Wilon, which
is in Samayim," A. Wilon as a name for the
first heaven appears to have originated among
Babylonian Jews, whereas Samayim is the stand
ard Palestinian term. Wilon, derived from the
Lat. velum, "curtain," "veil." denotes an or
dinary door curtain in rabbinic Heb. (m.Kel 20:6;
m.Neg 11:11). It would seem, then, that the first
heaven is regarded as a sort of veil or curtain
which either conceals the heavenly world from
human eyes, or which, by being opened and
shut, is the cause of daylight and darkness. b.Hag
12b describes its function thus: "It does not
serve for anything, but enters in the morning and
leaves in the evening and renews every day the
work of creation" (cf. MidraS Konen. BHM.
vol. 2. pp. 36f.; Seder Rabbah diBere'su. BM,
vol. 1. p. 39: Baraita' di Ma'aseh Bere'Sit. ed.
Sed. A 70-72; B 58f.). Note also MidraS 'aseret
hadibberot (BHM. vol. I, pp. 63f.): "The Holy
One, blessed be he. created seven heavens. The
lowest of them is called Wilon and it is like a
curtain [wilon] drawn across the doorway of a
house, so that those within can see those without,
but those without cannot see those within." See
further. b.Ber 58b; ARN A 37 (ed. Schechter,
55b); Midras Tehillim 19:6 (ed. Buber, 83a-b),
and 114:2 (ed. Buber, 236a). On the other
heavenly curtain, the pargod, see 3En 45:1. n.
a. ...”
Philip S. Alexander
"3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch" in James H. Charlesworth (ed.) The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Volume 1
(p. 269) Doubleday, 1983
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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