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In Genesis, Jacob puts cut branches in the water, causing the lambs to be born with streaks like the wood. In 2 Kings, Elisha dropps a branch into the Jordan, so an iron ax head floats like the wood. Both represent imitative or sympathetic magic.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Genesis 30:38
Hebrew Bible
37 But Jacob took fresh-cut branches from poplar, almond, and plane trees. He made white streaks by peeling them, making the white inner wood in the branches visible. 38 Then he set up the peeled branches in all the watering troughs where the flocks came to drink. He set up the branches in front of the flocks when they were in heat and came to drink. 39 When the sheep mated in front of the branches, they gave birth to young that were streaked or speckled or spotted.
2 Kings 6:6
Hebrew Bible
5 As one of them was felling a tree, the ax head dropped into the water. He shouted, “Oh no, my master! It was borrowed!” 6 The prophet asked, “Where did it drop in?” When he showed him the spot, Elisha cut off a branch, threw it in at that spot, and made the ax head float. 7 He said, “Lift it out.” So he reached out his hand and grabbed it.
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Notes and References
“... It is clear that Jacob carried out an artifice with the rods to make these animals reproduce in abnormal colours. The idea was that the animals looked at the “spotted rods” when they bred, so that they gave birth to spotted lambs. One can conclude that the rods were endowed with magic powers. Another possible example of imitative magic may be found in 2 Kings 6:1-7 where the sons of the prophets felt that their dwelling was too small. They went to Elisha to ask permission to go to the Jordan to get logs to make a place for them to dwell there. While they were busy cutting down the trees, an axe borrowed from another person fell into the river. Elisha came to their rescue. He asked: “Where did it fall?” When he was shown the place, he cut off a stick, and threw it in the river and made the iron float. Here one can consider the act as an example of imitative magic. ...”
Liedeman, Gwendolene Caren
Magic in the Ancient Near East with Special Reference to Ancient Israel
(pp. 50-51) University of Stellenbosch, 2002
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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