Texts in Conversation
In Atrahasis the gods decree total destruction, and the text calls Enlil’s flood a bad deed against the people. Genesis reframes the same divine decision as a response to violence on earth, making moral corruption the cause of the flood.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Atrahasis
Ancient Near East
Let him choose Let Shullat and [Hanish] march [ahead] [Let Erakal pull out] the mooring poles Let [Ninurta] march, let him make [the weirs] overflow. The assembly Do not listen to The gods gave an explicit command. Ellil performed a bad deed to the people. Atrahasis made his voice heard And spoke to his master
Date: 18th-century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Genesis 6:13
Hebrew Bible
12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful. 13 So God said to Noah, “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. Now I am about to destroy them and the earth. 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.
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Notes and References
“… Since George Smith read his paper ‘The Chaldean Account of the Deluge’ for the Society of Biblical Archaeology in 1872, there has been a wide reaching scholarly consensus that a Mesopotamian model formed the basis for the biblical flood story. We therefore start our comparison with the Mesopotamian traditions at this point. The comparison has mostly been between Gilgamesh and Genesis, since Gilgamesh as a readable story was known about hundred years earlier than Atrahasis, and the manuscripts to Atrahasis still are very fragmentary at this point of the story. As is commonly known, the flood version in Gilgamesh is dependent on Atrahasis in one version or another. We list the parallels in the table below according to relationship in themes in the order these themes occur in the compositions. Decision to send the Deluge: Atrahasis Tablet II, column viii, lines 34–35 reads, ‘The gods commanded total destruction, Enlil did an evil deed on the peoples,’ paralleled by Genesis 6:13, ‘And God said to Noah, I have determined to make an end of all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence because of them; now I am going to destroy them along with the earth.’ …”
Kvanvig, Helge S.
Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading
(pp. 211-212) Brill, 2011
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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