Texts in Conversation
Romans 13 portrays political authority as divinely appointed and calls for submission to existing rule. This contrasts with Hebrew Bible narratives, such as in 1 Kings 11, that approves of open rebellion against corrupt leadership.
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1 Kings 11:26
Hebrew Bible
26 Jeroboam son of Nebat, one of Solomon’s servants, rebelled against the king. He was an Ephraimite from Zeredah whose mother was a widow named Zeruah. 27 This is what prompted him to rebel against the king: Solomon built a terrace, and he closed up a gap in the wall of the city of his father David. 28 Jeroboam was a talented man; when Solomon saw that the young man was an accomplished worker, he made him the leader of the forced labor from the tribe of Joseph. 29 At that time, when Jeroboam had left Jerusalem, the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite met him on the road; the two of them were alone in the open country. Ahijah was wearing a brand new robe, 30 and he grabbed the robe and tore it into 12 pieces.
Romans 13:1
New Testament
1 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except by God’s appointment, and the authorities that exist have been instituted by God. 2 So the person who resists such authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will incur judgment 3 (for rulers cause no fear for good conduct but for bad). Do you desire not to fear authority? Do good and you will receive its commendation 4 because it is God’s servant for your well-being. But be afraid if you do wrong because government does not bear the sword for nothing. It is God’s servant to administer punishment on the person who does wrong.
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Notes and References
"... The reasons for prophecy’s “decline” are subject to debate, but the connection between the monarchies of Judah and of Israel and the prophetic class, in both the northern and southern kingdoms, is often very close and politically charged. Samuel’s dual role in the formation of the monarchy—he is both bitterly opposed to it (1 Samuel 8:4–22) and instrumental in the election of Saul and David to the throne—is often duplicated in later centuries by prophets who are sometimes supportive and at other times contemptuous of the king. Whatever their respective attitudes toward a particular monarch, the prophets are seldom reluctant to intervene in the political intrigues that surround the royal court. Nathan, for example, first announces that God has adopted David as his “son,” promising an eternal dynasty, and then denounces David over his killing of Uriah (2 Samuel 12). Later, Nathan urges Bathsheba to demand that David appoint Solomon as his successor. In the next generation, the prophet Ahijah takes an even more direct role in the disputes between Solomon and northern tribal leaders when he invites Jeroboam to rebel against his royal patron and become king of a breakaway northern kingdom (1 Kings 11:26–40) ..."
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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