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In Acts, Paul is told to stand on his feet, using language similar to Ezekiel where the prophet is commanded to stand up. Acts uses this to make Paul’s mission follow the prophetic traditions in the Hebrew Bible.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX Ezekiel 2:1
Septuagint
1 And he said to me, Son of man, stand upon your feet, and I will speak to you. 2 And the Spirit came upon me, and took me up, and raised me, and set me on my feet: and I heard him speaking to me. 3 And he said to me, Son of Man, I send you forth to the house of Israel, those who provoke me; who have provoked me, they and their fathers to this day. 4 And you shall say to them, Thus says the Lord.
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Acts 26:16
New Testament
14 When we had all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? You are hurting yourself by kicking against the goads.’ 15 So I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And the Lord replied, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting. 16 But get up and stand on your feet, for I have appeared to you for this reason, to designate you in advance as a servant and witness to the things you have seen and to the things in which I will appear to you. 17 I will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles, to whom I am sending you 18 to open their eyes so that they turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a share among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’
Date: 70–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Bowker suggests that Paul in the “perfectly ordinary process of merkabah contemplation reflected the voice of commission to Ezekiel in Ezekiel 2.” Whereas Ezekiel was told to go not to strangers but the house of Israel, Paul became convinced that it was not the Christians who were the rebellious people but the Jews who had commissioned him. What may have happened is that Ezekiel 1–2 offered a coherent context for the sudden reversal of his beliefs. Ezekiel 2 took on a dramatic new meaning. Bowker notes that Ezekiel 2:1, 3 is quoted in part in Acts 26:16. The lack of explicit reference to the merkabah in the testimonies about Paul is the result of the fact that Saul’s occupation at the time of the vision paled into insignificance compared with the transformative effects of the vision itself. Though visions were often regarded with suspicion, these were part of rabbinic orthodoxy, a form of “higher education,” to be undertaken only by the very well trained (as stated in the Mishnah) ..."
Christopher Rowland, “Paul as an Apocalyptist,” in The Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the Shaping of New Testamenmt Thought, ed. Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017), 131–154.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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