Texts in Conversation
1 Peter uses language from the Greek Septuagint translation of Psalm 54 to urge the faithful to place their cares on God. In the psalm, this expresses trust during betrayal, while in 1 Peter it teaches faithfulness during persecution.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX Psalms 54:23
Septuagint
20 God shall hear, and bring them low, even he that has existed from eternity. Pause. For they suffer no reverse, and therefore they have not feared God. 21 He has reached forth his hand for retribution; they have profaned his covenant. 22 They were scattered at the anger of his face, and his heart drew near them. His words were smoother than oil, yet they are darts. 23 Cast your care upon the Lord, and he shall sustain you; he shall never allow the righteous to be moved. 24 But you, God, shall bring them down to the pit of destruction; bloody and crafty men shall not live out half their days; but I will hope in you, Lord.
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
1 Peter 5:7
New Testament
4 Then when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that never fades away. 5 In the same way, you who are younger, be subject to the elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. 6 And God will exalt you in due time, if you humble yourselves under his mighty hand 7 by casting all your cares on him because he cares for you. 8 Be sober and alert. Your enemy the devil, like a roaring lion, is on the prowl looking for someone to devour. 9 Resist him, strong in your faith, because you know that your brothers and sisters throughout the world are enduring the same kinds of suffering.
Date: 80–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... 1 Peter contains at least nineteen quotations, mostly in a “just-as” mode but with an added paraenetic punch: 1 Peter 1:16, an injunction to be holy (Leviticus 19:2); 1 Peter 3:6, that women should behave toward husbands as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord (Genesis 18:12); 1 Peter 3:10–12, keep your tongue from evil and seek peace (Psalm 34:12–16); 1 Peter 5:5, God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble (Proverbs 3:34 LXX); and the exhortation in 1 Peter 5:7 to cast all anxiety on God (Ps 55:22) ..."
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 804.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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