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In Galatians, Paul warns the Gentiles that following the Jewish festival calendar is like slavery. This is in tension with prophets like Zechariah, which describes a future where the nations follow that calendar and those who don't are punished.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Zechariah 14:16
Hebrew Bible
15 This is the kind of plague that will devastate horses, mules, camels, donkeys, and all the other animals in those camps. 16 Then all who survive from all the nations that came to attack Jerusalem will go up annually to worship the King, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, and to observe the Feast of Shelters. 17 But if any of the nations anywhere on earth refuse to go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, they will get no rain. 18 If the Egyptians will not do so, they will get no rain—instead there will be the kind of plague that the Lord inflicts on any nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Shelters. 19 This will be the punishment of Egypt and of all nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Shelters. 20 On that day the bells of the horses will bear the inscription “Holy to the Lord.” The cooking pots in the Lord’s temple will be as holy as the bowls in front of the altar.
Galatians 4:10
New Testament
7 So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are a son, then you are also an heir through God. 8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. 9 But now that you have come to know God (or rather to be known by God), how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless basic forces? Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again? 10 You are observing religious days and months and seasons and years. 11 I fear for you that my work for you may have been in vain. 12 I beg you, brothers and sisters, become like me, because I have become like you. You have done me no wrong!
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Notes and References
“... Before returning to Yakov’s use of Amos 9:11–12, one other prophetic passage deserves consideration. Zechariah 14:16–19, one of the latest prophetic oracles in the Hebrew Bible, seems to combine the two traditions regarding the fate of the Gentiles. After detailing the defeat of the nations who had massed against Jerusalem in battle, the survivors of these nations will come to Jerusalem on a yearly basis to celebrate the Feast of Booths, or Succot. Those who do not come will be subjected to further discipline from Yahweh. The nations, however, will be involved in the worship of Yahweh, not on an equal basis with Israel, but clearly under the dominance of Israel. If worship is not rendered voluntarily, then the nations will be compelled to worship Yahweh, or at least, suffer the consequences for failing to do so. In this passage, Israelite dominance over the nations has been maintained, while integrating the idea of the nations worshipping together with Israel. What has changed is the depiction of the nations coming to Jerusalem uncoerced. ...”
Langston, Scott
"Dividing it Right: Who is a Jew and What is a Christian?" in Chilton, Bruce; Evans, Craig A.; Neusner, Jacob (ed.) The Missing Jesus: Rabbinic Judaism and the New Testament
(p. 131) Brill Academic Publishers, 2002
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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