Texts in Conversation
Wisdom of Solomon describes the body as a burden on the soul. Augustine echoes this description when contrasting the mortal body with the future spiritual body, which will no longer weigh the soul down.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
Deuterocanon
13 For what man will know the counsel of God? Or who will conceive what the Lord wills? 14 For the thoughts of mortals are unstable, and our plans are prone to fail. 15 For a corruptible body weighs down the soul. The earthy tent burdens a mind that is full of cares. 16 We can hardly guess the things that are on earth, and we find the things that are close at hand with labor; but who has traced out the things that are in the heavens? 17 Who gained knowledge of your counsel, unless you gave wisdom, and sent your holy spirit from on high?
Augustine, City of God 19.17
On the City of God Against the Pagans
Early Christian
Even the heavenly city, therefore, while in its state of pilgrimage, avails itself of the peace of earth, and, as far as it can without injuring faith and godliness, desires and maintains a common agreement among men regarding the acquisition of the necessities of life, and makes this earthly peace bear on the peace of heaven; for this alone can be truly called and considered the peace of the rational creatures, consisting as it does in the perfectly ordered and harmonious enjoyment of God and of one another in God. When we have reached that peace, this mortal life will give place to one that is eternal, and our body will no longer be this animal body which by its corruption weighs down the soul, but a spiritual body feeling no need, and in all its parts subjected to the will.
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Notes and References
“... As La Bonnadiére observed, the OT was used much more in Augustine’s polemics just as the example here. But did Wisdom belong to the OT? Augustine would certainly repeat certain select verses from Wisdom the better to engrain them on the minds of catechisand and catechised. [...] Thus, as La Bonnadière notes, Wisdom was used against the Manicheans and the Pelagians to safeguard divine transcendence in creation and salvation. In all these, texts from Wisdom are not merely illustrative. In polemical battle with heretics they were the jumping-off points. They inspired Augustine to think more loftily of God than his enemies did. Wisdom 9:15 (‘for a perishable body weighs down the soul’) is the verse most used, to prove that evil is caused by us, not by cosmic powers. Nevertheless she thinks the most creative contribution by Wisdom to Augustine’s theology was that made by Wisdom 7:27, that Wisdom herself in animas sanctas se transfert, which is a very strong assertion of the all-sufficiency of grace for Christians. Wisdom is rarely quoted in chunks – the best example is De trin. III 10 (21) where human frailty is associated with human ignorance: this passage does not seem to be about sin, but rather about human limitation, although elsewhere (En. Ps. 127.16 and Ad Simplicianum I, qu. 1,13) Wisdom 9:15 is used to show how corruption is the state of fallen humankind [...] So the fact of the matter is that for issues of doctrine and practice Wisdom did carry authority for Augustine in the sense that the book shaped these two. ...”
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