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Augustine adapts Tobit's blessing on those who love Jerusalem in Confessions 4 to explain why friendship must rest on love for God, giving his grief a scriptural answer to the fear of losing someone.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Tobit 13:14
Deuterocanon
12 Cursed are all who speak a harsh word against you; cursed are all who conquer you and pull down your walls, all who overthrow your towers and set your homes on fire. But blessed forever will be all who revere you. 13 Go, then, and rejoice over the children of the righteous, for they will be gathered together and will praise the Lord of the ages. 14 Happy are those who love you, and happy are those who rejoice in your prosperity. Happy also are all people who grieve with you because of your afflictions; for they will rejoice with you and witness all your glory forever. 15 My soul blesses the Lord, the great King!
Augustine, Confessions 4.9
Early Christian
This is what we love in our friends, and we love it so much that a man's conscience accuses itself if he does not love one who loves him, or respond in love to love, seeking nothing from the other but the evidences of his love. This is the source of our moaning when one dies—the gloom of sorrow, the steeping of the heart in tears, all sweetness turned to bitterness—and the feeling of death in the living, because of the loss of the life of the dying. Blessed is he who loves you, and who loves his friend in you, and his enemy also, for your sake; for he alone loses none dear to him, if all are dear in Him who cannot be lost. And who is this but our God: the God that created heaven and earth, and filled them because he created them by filling them up? None loses you but he who leaves you; and he who leaves you, where does he go, or where can he flee but from you well-pleased to you offended? For where does he not find your law fulfilled in his own punishment? "Your law is the truth" and you are Truth.
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Notes and References
“... The history of interpretation of the Book of Tobit has been a somewhat ne-
glected area of scholarly investigation.1 Tobit’s canonicity was generally
accepted in the Latin West (Jerome is a notable exception), but its status
was debated in the Greek East, at least initially.2 It was excluded from
the Jewish canon, possibly in part because the marriage of Tobias and
Sarah did not conform to halakhic regulations.3 If indeed the reason for its
canonicity among some Christians revolved around its high catechetical
and pedagogical value, as suggested by Zenger,4 this would explain the
fact that its primary function among early Christian preachers and exe-
getes concerned spiritual formation and moral instruction.5 For example,
Augustine alludes to the book of Tobit in his Confessions to describe the
blessedness of loving God (4,9,14, citing Tob 13:14)6 and the importance
of prayer (5,1,1, citing Tob 3:12). Likewise, in his work On Prayer, Origen
takes the story of Tobit as having great teaching value for the way prayer
should glorify God (14,4, citing Tob 3:1-2) and the efficacy of intercession
(11,1 and 31,5, citing Tob 3:16-17 and 12:11-15).7 ...”
Gregory, Bradley C.
"The Marriage of Tobias and Sarah in the Venerable Bede’s Commentary on Tobit" in Passaro, Angelo (ed.) Family and Kinship in the Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature
(p. 547) De Gruyter, 2013
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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