"... Can we relate this doctrine of the Two Impulses to the teaching of Paul? There are three passages in particular where the Apostle deals with the problem of Sin, all in the Epistle to the Romans, namely, Romans 1, 2, 5. 12, and Romans 7. In the latter of these passages, we are justified in tracing a direct connection with the doctrine of the Two Impulses. Paul’s description of his moral experience in that chapter is probably an account of his struggle against his evil yêtzer (inclination) ... As to the Rabbis sin was a power from without man which utilized the yêtzer hâra (evil inclination) to lead man to sinful acts, so also to Paul sin is equally an external power that comes to dwell in the flesh and utilizes the φρόνημα της σαρκός ('mind of the flesh') to work its havoc. We shall now point out that by the latter Paul meant what the Rabbis referred to as the yêtzer hâra: and we can assume at once from what has been written above that while the yêtzer hâra was not essentially evil so too for Paul the flesh was not evil of itself ..."