Texts in Conversation

Psalm 22 opens with a cry of abandonment to God. Matthew has Jesus quoting this during the crucifixion, presenting his death as the experience of the righteous sufferer described in the psalm.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Psalm 22:1

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, according to the tune “Morning Doe”; a psalm of David. My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? I groan in prayer, but help seems far away. 2 My God, I cry out during the day, but you do not answer, and during the night my prayers do not let up. 3 You are holy; you sit as king receiving the praises of Israel.
Date: 6th-3rd Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Matthew 27:46

New Testament
45 Now from noon until three, darkness came over all the land. 46 At about three o’clock Jesus shouted with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? 47 When some of the bystanders heard it, they said, “This man is calling for Elijah.”
Date: 70-90 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#5388
“... Far more salient than these faint echoes of Isaiah’s Servant are several Matthean narrative devices that strengthen the connection of Jesus’ death to the suffering figure of Psalm 22 and Psalm 69. We have discussed above the way in which Matthew, in comparison to Mark, binds his account of the crucifixion more closely to Psalm 69 by the addition of narrative details that allude to the wording of Psalm 69:21 (68:22 LXX), the offering of gall as well as vinegar. And of course, Matthew, following Mark, recounts Jesus’ dying cry of Psalm 22:1, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” as the climactic moment of the crucifixion account (Matthew 27:46). Just as strikingly, immediately preceding this terrible moment, Matthew has distinctively prepared the way for the cry by placing in the mouths of the mocking chief priests, scribes, and elders a taunt derived from another verse of the same psalm: “He trusted in God; let God deliver him now if he wants to” (27:43; compare Psalm 22:9 [21:9 LXX]; compare Wisdom of Solomon 2:13, 18). There can be no doubt that we are meant to recall these texts and read Matthew’s account of Jesus’ suffering and death against the background of these psalms of suffering, lament, and ultimate vindication. ...”
Hays, Richard B. Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels (pp. 197-198) Baylor University Press, 2017

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