Texts in Conversation

Psalm 144 describes a person's life as a shadow that disappears. Rabbinic tradition in Ecclesiastes Rabbah says Solomon left that metaphor unexplained, and uses the psalm to say David provided the explanation.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Psalm 144:4

Hebrew Bible
3 O Lord, of what importance is the human race that you should notice them? Of what importance is mankind that you should be concerned about them? 4 People are like a vapor, their days like a shadow that disappears. 5 O Lord, make the sky sink and come down. Touch the mountains and make them smolder.
Date: 6th-3rd Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Ecclesiastes Rabbah 6:12

Aggadah
Rabbinic

“For who knows what is good for man in his life” – Rabbi Huna [said] in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: David made a statement and did not explain it, but his son Solomon explained it. Solomon made a statement and did not explain it, but his father David explained it. Solomon said: “For who knows what is good for man in his life… that he spends like a shadow?” How so? If you say it is the shadow of a wall, it has substance. If it is the shadow of a palm tree, it has substance. David came and explained: “His days pass like a shadow” (Psalms 144:4).
Date: 700-950 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#6305
“... The rabbinic effort that aims to demonstrate the proximity between Ecclesiastes and Psalms is continued in this midrashic passage in which David is presented to explain the meaning of Solomon’s thoughts. Again, the pattern of questions–answers and the dialectical development of the rabbinic text intensify the vividness of the narration. On the other hand, by interconnecting Eccl 6:12 and Ps 144:4 we get a text with conceptual coherence, where the intertextual verse explicates the contextual meaning of the base verse. It is this explicatory relation of the intertextual verse to the base verse that justifies the explicative intertextuality of the following passage: [...] Ecclesiastes 6:12, which vividly describes man’s transient role, persists with a pessimistic view on man’s futile efforts to determine his scope on earth. The Rabbis ascertained the contextual closeness between Eccl 6:12 and Ps 144:4 and presented David (through Ps 144:4) in order to interpret Solomon (Eccl 6:12); man’s life is as transitory as the shadow to which it is likened. The rabbis wish to create contextual affinity and semantic continuity between the books of Psalms and Ecclesiastes by highlighting their semantic ties. ...”

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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